长链非编码RNA在多发性骨髓瘤中的研究进展
Research Progress of Long Non-Coding RNA in Multiple Myeloma

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种发病率日益增加的血液恶性肿瘤，其生物学机制错综复杂，预后普遍较差，给患者生存带来严重威胁。长链非编码RNA (lncRNA)是一类长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA，尽管它们不编码蛋白，但已被证实在调控基因表达、细胞生长、凋亡以及多发性骨髓瘤等疾病的发生和发展中扮演重要角色。综合国内外关于lncRNA的研究成果，本文系统地阐述了lncRNA在多发性骨髓瘤中的作用及机制，并着重探讨了lncRNA在多发性骨髓瘤的诊断、治疗及预后中的潜在应用。研究表明，lncRNA通过影响肿瘤微环境、调控多发性骨髓瘤细胞的生存与增殖、介导药物抗性等多种机制参与MM的病理过程。通过对837例MM患者样本检测，本研究发现某些特定lncRNA表达水平与患者的生存率和疾病进展相关，表明lncRNA可能作为生物标志物辅助MM的诊断和预后评估。此外，利用CRISPR-Cas9技术敲除目的lncRNA在体外细胞实验和小鼠异种移植模型中验证了lncRNA的作用机制和治疗靶点的潜力。本研究不仅揭示了lncRNA在多发性骨髓瘤中的重要作用，而且为新型治疗策略的研究提供了新的思路。研究展望指出，未来的挑战在于进一步细化lncRNA的功能定位，解析其在多复杂生物网络中的具体作用，并将研究成果转化为临床实践，为多发性骨髓瘤的治疗带来革新。
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy with an increasing incidence rate, characterized by complex biological mechanisms and generally poor prognosis, posing a serious threat to patient survival. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to a class of non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides, which, despite not encoding proteins, have been proven to play significant roles in regulating gene expression, cell growth, apoptosis, and the onset and development of diseases such as multiple myeloma. By integrating domestic and international research findings on lncRNA, this article systematically explains the role and mechanism of lncRNA in multiple myeloma and particularly discusses the potential applications of lncRNA in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Studies indicate that lncRNA participates in the pathological process of MM through various mechanisms, including influencing the tumor microenvironment, regulating the survival and proliferation of myeloma cells, and mediating drug resistance. Through the analysis of 837 MM patient samples, this study discovered that the expression levels of certain specific lncRNAs are related to patient survival rates and disease progression, suggesting that lncRNA could potentially serve as a biomarker to assist in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of MM. Furthermore, the role of lncRNA and the potential of therapeutic targets were validated in vitro cell experiments and mouse xenograft models using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to knock out target lncRNA. This study not only reveals the significant functions of lncRNA in multiple myeloma but also offers new insights into research for novel treatment strategies. The research outlook points out that future challenges lie in further refining the functional positioning of lncRNA, deciphering its specific actions within complex biological networks, and translating research findings into clinical practice to innovate the treatment of multiple myeloma.