落实波利亚解题思想，助力数学解题教学——以高考概率与统计解答题为例
Implement Polya Problem Solving Thought and Help Mathematics Problem Solving Teaching—Taking the Probability and Statistics of College Entrance Examination as an Example

2019年全国I卷理数21题横空出世，概率统计解答题改变一如既往送分的常态，变得更加综合和创新。概率统计解答题蕴含丰富的现实情境，在高考卷中是信息量最大的一道题，会有一些学生得分率很低，引起一线教师的困扰。波利亚解题思想是数学教育领域的重要发现，对学生解题和教师解题教学起到至关重要的作用。本文简要分析高考概率统计解答题命题趋势，并利用波利亚解题思想分析学生解题困难，最后为一线教师提出四点提升学生概率统计大题解题能力的高效教学的建议。
In 2019, the national volume I introduced 21 rational number questions, marked a shift in the traditional approach to probability and statistical solution questions by incorporating more comprehensive and innovative elements. The inclusion of rich realistic situations in these questions has made them the most informative aspect of college entrance examination papers. However, there will be some students with very low scoring rate, causing problems for front-line teachers. Polya’s problem-solving thought is a significant development in mathematics education that plays a crucial role in both student and teacher problem-solving abilities. This paper provides a brief analysis of the trend in college entrance examination probability and statistics solution questions, examines students’ difficulties using Polya’s problem-solving thought, and offers four suggestions for teachers to enhance students’ ability to solve complex problems in probability and statistics.