行政处罚中“首违不罚”制度的构造研究
A Study on the Construction of the “First Offense Not Punished” System in Administrative Penalties

文章全面探讨了“首违不罚”制度在行政处罚法中的应用及其存在的问题，并基于这些问题提出了具体的对策建议。首先，文章强调了“首违不罚”在促进处罚与教育结合、体现过罚相当及柔性执法方面的重要价值。然而，该制度在立法、执法和守法层面均面临挑战，如适用要件模糊、滋生腐败风险以及教育功能受限等。针对这些问题，本文提出了纳入自由裁量管理、完善档案记录制度、提升执法人员素质等对策，旨在确保“首违不罚”制度的公正、有效实施，进一步推动法治社会的建设和发展。通过这些措施，文章期望能够优化“首违不罚”制度的运行效果，使其更好地服务于社会治理和公众利益。
This article comprehensively examines the application of the “first offense exemption” system in administrative penalty laws and the challenges it faces. Firstly, it highlights the significant value of the system in promoting the combination of punishment and education, reflecting the principle of proportionality in punishment, and embodying flexible law enforcement. However, the system encounters obstacles at the legislative, enforcement, and compliance levels, including ambiguous applicability requirements, the potential for corruption, and limitations in its educational function. To address these issues, this article proposes incorporating discretionary management, improving archival record-keeping systems, and enhancing the quality of law enforcement officers. The aim is to ensure the fair and effective implementation of the “first offense exemption” system, further promoting the development of a legal society. Through these measures, this article hopes to optimize the operational effectiveness of the system, enabling it to better serve social governance and public interests.