论马一浮的圣人观
On Ma Yifu’s View of Saints

圣人可学而至的道理历来都被儒家奉为圭臬，作为国学大师，马一浮的一生都把复兴传统儒学作为自己的追求，并在弘扬中华传统儒学的过程中时常提及圣人之道。基于马一浮的儒佛思想的造诣，其圣人观中不免充斥着佛学意味，在沿袭传统儒学圣人观的基础之上加以佛学思想的阐释，致使其圣人观颇有特色。马一浮指出，圣人之道的关键在于明白“性德自足”的道理，成圣之方的根本则在于心体上用功。圣人与凡人的差距不在原性之别而在是否能破除习气，专注内心修养，最终到达人伦之至、万物一身的圣人之境。马一浮圣人观的心学路径在一定程度上推动了主体自我意识觉醒的进程，认为只有个体之德性圆满，方可成己又成物。
The truth that saints can be learned has always been regarded as the guiding principle by Confucianism. As a master of nationalism, Ma Yifu has taken the revival of traditional Confucianism as his own pursuit in his life, and has often referred to the way of saints in the process of promoting traditional Chinese Confucianism. Based on Ma’s attainments in Confucianism and Buddhism, his view of sainthood is full of Buddhist implications, and his view of sainthood is quite distinctive due to the interpretation of Buddhist ideas on the basis of the traditional Confucian view of sainthood. Ma Yifu pointed out that the key to the way of sainthood lies in understanding the truth of “self-sufficiency of nature and virtue”, and the root of the way to sainthood lies in the work on the mind and body. The difference between saints and mortals is not in their original nature, but in whether they can break their habits and focus on inner cultivation, so that they can finally reach the state of saints, who are the best of all human relationships and the best of all things. To a certain extent, Ma Yi-fu’s saintly view of the path of teleology promotes the process of the subject’s self-consciousness awakening, believing that only when an individual’s virtue is perfected can he or she become self-conscious and become all things.