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镉和汞单独及联合胁迫对毛蚶心率的影响
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Abstract:
动物的生存与发展密切依赖于健康的心脏机能，现有重金属对动物心率影响的研究普遍聚焦于脊椎动物，对双壳类软体动物心脏受重金属影响的毒性作用研究仍显薄弱。为填补此研究空白，本项研究采用5 mg/L及20 mg/L两种浓度的重金属(Cd2+与Hg2+)，在48小时的实验周期内，细致考察了这些金属在单独及联合胁迫下对毛蚶心率的具体影响。研究发现，这些金属的存在显著影响了毛蚶的心率：正常情况下毛蚶平均心率为72.0次/分钟，5 mg/L Cd2+与Hg2+单独作用时毛蚶心率降至51.5次/分钟与51.2次/分钟；20 mg/L浓度下，心率进一步降至33.7次/分钟与31.2次/分钟。当Cd2+与Hg2+以5 mg/L和20 mg/L浓度联合作用时，心率分别降至41.3次/分钟与38.2次/分钟。结果表明，随着重金属浓度的增加，毛蚶的平均心率显著下降，特别是在20 mg/L Cd2+的胁迫下，心率降至0。此外，Cd2+与Hg2+在影响心率方面展现出一定的拮抗作用。本研究结果为揭示重金属对毛蚶心脏的毒性机制提供了重要的科学基础。
The survival and development of animals are closely dependent on the healthy functioning of the heart. While existing heavy metals on animal heart rate research mainly focus on vertebrates, studies on the toxic effects of heavy metals on the heart of bivalve mollusks remain scarce. To address this research gap, a preliminary study was designed to investigate the specific effects of cadmium (Cd2+) and mercury (Hg2+) at concentrations of 5 mg/L and 20 mg/L over a 48-hour experimental period on the heart rate of S. subcrenata under single and combined stress in detail. The study revealed that the presence of these metals affected the S. subcrenata’s heart rate: under normal conditions, the average S. subcrenata heart rate was 72.0 beats per minute, which decreased to 51.5 and 51.2 beats per minute when exposed to 5 mg/L of Cd2+ and Hg2+ individually, and further dropped to 33.7 and 31.2 beats per minute at a concentration of 20 mg/L. When Cd2+ and Hg2+ acted together at concentrations of 5 mg/L and 20 mg/L, the S. subcrenata heart rate decreased to 41.3 and 38.2 beats per minute, respectively. The results indicate that with increasing heavy metal concentrations, the average heart rate of scallops significantly decreased, especially dropping to 0 under the stress of 20 mg/L of Cd2+. Additionally, Cd2+ and Hg2+ exhibited a certain antagonistic affecting heart rate. This study provides an important scientific basis for understanding the toxic mechanisms of heavy metals on the heart of S. subcrenata.
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