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上颌扩弓对颅面骨影响的研究进展
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Abstract:
颅面部的骨骼发育中，上颌缩窄是最普遍的问题之一，也是引起错颌畸形的主要原因。此外，这种情况还可能导致口呼吸、鼻通气困难、听力减退等多种功能性问题。在临床实践中，正畸医师经常采用上颌快速扩弓(rapid maxillary expansion, RME)这一手段来矫正上颌发育不足和上牙弓过窄的情况。这种方式可以打开正在成长阶段儿童的腭中缝，从而引起上颌骨板的移动，有助于减轻或消除上颌宽度不足。在正畸学中上颌扩弓对于面中部的影响一直在被研究，传统上是通过二维X线片，如头颅侧位和后前位X线片，或通过牙齿的模型，由于影像学资料获取的局限，在牙科领域锥束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)出现之前，关于上颌快速扩弓对面中部骨骼和牙弓的影响研究十分有限。CBCT出现以后，在三维上研究扩张效应成为可能，并且随着CBCT机器分辨率的提高，不仅可以测量颌面部骨骼的移动，而且可以测量对上颌和上颌周缝的影响。
In the development of cranifacial bones, maxillary constriction is one of the most common problems and the main cause of malocclusion. In addition, this condition may also lead to many functional problems, such as oral breathing, nasal ventilation difficulties, and hearing loss. In clinical practice, orthodontists often use the rapid maxillary arch expansion (rapid maxillary expansion, RME) to correct the lack of maxillary development and the narrow upper dental arch. This way can open the palatal raphe of growing children, thus causing the movement of the maxillary plate, helping to reduce or eliminate the insufficient width of the maxilla. In orthodontics for the middle of the influence of the upper arch has been studied, traditionally through the two-dimensional X-ray, such as head lateral and posterior anterior X-ray, or through the tooth model, due to the limitation of imaging data acquisition, before the dental field cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), on the influence of rapid upper arch across the middle bone and tooth arch is very limited. After the advent of CBCT, it became possible to study the expansion effects in three dimensions, and with the improved resolution of the CBCT machine, it was possible to measure not only the maxillofacial bone movement but also the effects on the maxillary and perimaxillary suture.
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