索绪尔的语言符号观：内涵、原则、特点及影响
Saussure’s Theory of Linguistic Sign: Connotation, Principle, Characteristics and Influence

索绪尔的语言符号观对现代语言学、符号学、以及广泛的人文社会科学产生了深远的影响。本文从多个维度分析探讨了索绪尔的语言符号观，结果发现：索绪尔的语言符号具有丰富的内涵：第一，语言是一个符号系统；第二，语言学属于符号学；第三，语言符号是能指与所指的结合。任意性和线条性是索绪尔语言符号的两个基本原则，象似性是在组合型语言符号的层面探讨语言符号，并不能动摇索绪尔语言符号任意性原则的地位，语言符号的线条性则是语言系统结构的形成基础。索绪尔的语言符号具有社会性、心理性、系统性、趋稳性、可变性，普适性的特点。从影响来看，索绪尔的语言符号观不仅明确了语言学的研究对象，而且奠定了现代符号学的理论基础，还大力推动了跨学科的交叉研究，更是构拟了结构主义的核心框架。由此可见，索绪尔语言符号的内涵、原则、特点及影响在很大程度上体现了其语言符号思想的前瞻性。
Saussure’s theory of linguistic sign has a profound impact on modern linguistics, semiotics, and a wide range of humanities and social sciences. This paper further analyzes and discusses Saussure’s theory of linguistic sign from multiple dimensions. The results show that Saussure’s linguistic sign has rich connotations. First, language is a semiotic system; second, linguistics belongs to semiotics; third, linguistic sign is the combination of signals and signification. Arbitrariness and linearity are the two basic principles of Saussure’s linguistic sign. Iconicity is discussed linguistic sign from the perspective of combinational linguistic sign, which cannot shake the position of Saussure’s arbitrariness principle of linguistic sign. The linearity of linguistic sign is the foundation of the formation of linguistic system structure. Saussure’s linguistic sign has the characteristics of sociality, psychology, systematism, stability, variability and universality. From the perspective of influence, Saussure’s theory of linguistic sign not only clarified the research object of linguistics, but also laid the theoretical foundation of modern semiotics, promoted interdisciplinary cross-study, and constructed the core framework of structuralism. It can be seen that the connotation, basic principles, characteristics and significance of Saussure’s linguistic sign largely reflect the foresight of his perspective on language.