学位撤销行为的司法审查范围及其类型化处理
The Scope of Judicial Review and Typification of Degree Revocation Behavior

随着我国教育体系改革不断深化，教育监管不断强化，因舞弊作伪等行为而被撤销学位的现象日趋增多。为了保障学生权益，规范高校权力，将学位撤销行为纳入司法审查的体系架构之中有着充分的理论依据和现实需求，以确保高校办学自主权与司法权之间形成一种动态平衡。目前，司法实践中针对学位撤销案件的审查包括“程序化审查模式”、“实体性审查模式”和“全面审查模式”三种类型，司法审查范围呈现出多元化、多重性特征，容易导致同案不同判的现象；此外，“程序化审查模式”、“实体性审查模式”存在一定的不足，在保护相对人、控制行政权的理念下，全面审查模式对案件程序、事实、依据等方面进行了详细审查，是一种理想的司法审查模式。
With the continuous deepening of China’s education system reform and the strengthening of education supervision, the phenomenon of degree revocation due to fraud and other behaviors is increasing day by day. In order to protect the rights and interests of students, regulate the power of universities, and incorporate degree revocation behavior into the framework of judicial review, there is sufficient theoretical basis and practical need to ensure a dynamic balance between university autonomy and judicial power. At present, the review of degree revocation cases in judicial practice includes three types: “procedural review mode”, “substantive review mode”, and “comprehensive review mode”. The scope of judicial review presents diversified and multiple characteristics, which can easily lead to the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case; in addition, there are certain shortcomings in the “procedural review mode” and “substantive review mode”. Under the concept of protecting counterparties and controlling administrative power, the comprehensive review mode conducts a detailed review of case procedures, facts, basis, and other aspects, making it an ideal judicial review mode.