白杨河流域达坂城盆地生态水位监测分析
Monitoring and Analysis of Ecological Water Level in the Dabancheng Basin of the Baiyang River Basin

地下水埋深及植被生境是表征内陆干旱山间盆地河谷林草湿地的主要指标，为探究地处中高海拔的白杨河流域达坂城盆地水生态环境现状及变化，本文以达坂城盆地河谷林草湿地植被生境区域为研究对象，采用地下水埋深定位监测及河流径流与生态水位相关方法分析，结果表明：1) 达坂城盆地源流区2022年内地下水平均埋深表现为1至7月呈增加趋势，8至12月呈下降状态，盆地三条河流区地下水埋深大小为：黑沟河 > 高崖子河 > 阿克苏河，地下水埋深与河道径流大小呈反比，河道地表径流与地下水埋深变化相互影响较大，反映达坂城盆地河道潜水含水层通过包气带直接与大气圈、水圈相通，具有季节性变化特点。2) 地下水埋深2020至2022年际间表现为，2021至2022年地下水埋深比2020年有所增加，2020至2022年地下水埋深整体呈逐年略增状态。3) 建立了基于达坂城盆地三条源流径流与河段地下水埋深动态关联模型，支持利用已知观测的河道径流信息评估地下水埋深变化趋势。
Groundwater depth and vegetation habitat are the main indicators that characterize the forest and grassland wetlands in inland arid mountain basins. In order to explore the current situation and changes of the aquatic ecological environment in the Dabancheng Basin, which is located at a medium to high altitude in the Baiyang River Basin, this article takes the vegetation habitat area of the Dabancheng Basin valley forest and grassland as the research object. Using groundwater depth positioning monitoring and river runoff and ecological water level correlation analysis methods, the results show that: 1) The average groundwater depth in the Dabancheng Basin source area in 2022 shows an increasing trend from January to July, and a decreasing state from August to December. The groundwater depth in the three river areas of the basin is: Heigou River > Gaoyazi River > Aksu River, and the groundwater depth is related to the river runoff size. In inverse proportion, the surface runoff of the river and the variation of groundwater depth have a significant mutual influence, reflecting that the groundwater aquifer in the Dabancheng Basin is directly connected to the atmosphere and hydrosphere through the aeration zone, with seasonal variation characteristics. 2) The groundwater depth between 2020 and 2022 showed an increase compared to 2020, and the overall groundwater depth showed a slight increase year by year from 2020 to 2022. 3) We have established a dynamic correlation model between the runoff of three source streams in the Dabancheng Basin and the groundwater depth in the river section, supporting the use of known observed river runoff information to evaluate the trend of groundwater depth changes.