我国主要城市消费结构分析——基于因子分析和聚类分析
Analysis of Consumption Structure in Major Cities in China—Based on Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis

消费结构是宏观经济中的一个重要概念，它揭示了人们在日常生活中如何分配他们的支出，以及这种分配如何受到文化、经济和社会因素的影响。本文选取了31个省市的人均消费支出的8项关键数据，这些数据涵盖了居民生活从食品烟酒到居住、交通通信，再到教育文化娱乐等各个方面，我们对这31个省市的居民消费结构进行了深入剖析，首先通过因子分析提取出主要的消费因子，然后通过聚类分析将消费者划分为不同的群体，从而更加深入地了解我国消费结构的特征和变化。由分析结果可知，我国消费结构从追求基本的生活需求转向追求更高的生活品质，教育、医疗、文化娱乐等服务型消费成为新的增长点，不同城市之间的消费结构呈现出多样化，并且根据分析结果提出了合理化建议。
Consumption structure is an important concept in macroeconomics, which reveals how people allocate their expenses in daily life and how this allocation is influenced by cultural, economic, and social factors. This article selects 8 key data points of per capita consumption expenditure from 31 provinces and cities, covering various aspects of residents’ life, from food, tobacco and alcohol to housing, transportation and communication, and then to education, culture and entertainment. We conducted an in-depth analysis of the consumption structure of residents in these 31 provinces and cities. Firstly, we extracted the main consumption factors through factor analysis, and then divided consumers into different groups through cluster analysis, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics and changes of China’s consumption structure. According to the analysis results, it can be seen that China’s consumption structure has shifted from pursuing basic living needs to pursuing higher quality of life, and service-oriented consumption such as education, medical care, and cultural entertainment has become a new growth point. The consumption structure between different cities has shown diversification, and reasonable suggestions have been proposed based on the analysis results.