物流行业上市公司资本结构与盈利能力实证分析——基于主成分分析法
Empirical Analysis of Capital Structure and Profitability of Listed Companies in the Logistics Industry—Based on Principal Component Analysis

自2022年以来，国家相关部门提出了一系列推动物流行业快速、高质量发展的支持政策。物流行业作为我国经济发展的重要支撑之一，几十年来一直保持着平稳增长的趋势，而一家上市公司是否健康，最直接、最有力的指标就是其盈利能力。一家上市公司各种资金来源的构成及其比例关系最能反映在其资本结构中，它包括负债和所有者权益，对一家公司的财务状况和经营业绩也具有重要影响，这代表了一家上市公司的资本结构与其未来的盈利能力也具有很大的相关性。本文主要利用主成分分析以及回归分析等方法，具体步骤如下：首先本文根据我国物流行业上市公司的财务报表选取了2022年可以衡量的盈利能力的4个指标，其次使用SPSS中的主成分分析法，得出可以描述物流行业上市公司的综合盈利能力，然后和选取的物流行业上市公司资本结构的资产负债率指标进行相关回归分析方面的实证检验，最后得出了两者之间存在显著的负相关关系。
Since 2022, relevant national departments have proposed a series of support policies to promote the rapid and high-quality development of the logistics industry. The logistics industry, as one of the important supports for China’s economic development, has maintained a stable growth trend for decades. The most direct and powerful indicator for a listed company’s health is its profitability. The composition and proportional relationship of various sources of funds for a listed company can be best reflected in its capital structure, which includes liabilities and owner’s equity, and also has a significant impact on a company’s financial condition and operating performance. This represents a significant correlation between a listed company’s capital structure and its future profitability. This article mainly uses methods such as principal component analysis and regression analysis. The specific steps are as follows: Firstly, based on the financial statements of listed companies in China’s logistics industry, this article selects four measurable profitability indicators for 2022. Secondly, using the principal component analysis method in SPSS, the comprehensive profitability of listed companies in the logistics industry can be described. Then, empirical regression analysis is conducted with the selected asset liability ratio indicator of the capital structure of listed companies in the logistics industry. Finally, a significant negative correlation is found between the two.