遵义市播州区春季一次大冰雹天气成因分析
Analysis of the Causes of a Large Hailstorm in Spring in Bozhou District, Zunyi City

利用遵义市多普勒雷达资料和播州区国家基本站及乡镇区域站等资料，通过数理统计、天气学分析等方法分析大冰雹天气成因。结果表明：此次大冰雹天气过程由高空槽、低层切变及地面冷空气共同影响造成的；整层大气上干冷下暖湿，具有较大温度递减率和对流有效位能，层结不稳定，垂直风切变较强。大冰雹雷达回波的中心强度在60 dBz以上，最大回波强度出现时间比降雹时间提前24 min，最大回波顶高比降雹时间提前12 min；冰雹云顶高12~15 km，垂直发展旺盛；降雹发生在垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)呈跃增期间。大冰雹对流风暴单体雷达回波PPI图上具有低层钩状回波，中高层回波悬垂，三体散射等典型冰雹云回波特征。为进一步做好冰雹短临预报预警服务，除了关注典型冰雹云雷达回波特征外，可将最大回波强度、垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)、回波顶高、冰雹报警指数及45 dBz强回波面积等作为冰雹发生判断依据，本文研究成果为做好播州区冰雹灾害性天气预警及气象服务工作提供参考。
Using the Doppler radar data of Zunyi City and the data of national basic stations and township regional stations in Bozhou District, the causes of large hail weather were analyzed through mathematical statistics, synoptic analysis and other methods. The results show that the large hail weather process was caused by the combined influence of high-altitude troughs, low-level shear and cold ground air; The entire atmosphere is dry and cold at the top and warm and humid at the bottom, with a large temperature lapse rate and convective effective potential energy, and the stratification is unstable. The vertical wind shear is strong. The central intensity of the large hail radar echo is above 60 dBz, the maximum echo intensity occurs 24 minutes earlier than the hail time, and the maximum echo top height is 12 minutes earlier than the hail time; the hail cloud top is 12 to 15 km high, and the vertical development is strong; Hail occurs during periods of sharp increase in vertically integrated liquid water content (VIL). The single radar echo PPI map of a large hail convective storm has typical hail cloud echo characteristics such as low-level hook echo, mid- and high-level echo overhang, and three-body scattering. In order to further provide short-term hail forecast and warning services, in addition to paying attention to typical hail cloud radar echo characteristics, the maximum echo intensity, vertical integrated liquid water content (VIL), echo top height, hail alarm index and 45 dBz intensity The echo area is used as the basis for judging the occurrence of hail. The research results of this article provide reference for the disastrous weather warning and meteorological services of hail in Bozhou District.