范式的层次结构——基于对《科学革命的结构》的文本分析
The Hierarchy of Paradigms—Based on Textual Analysis of The Structure of Scientific Revolution

1962年，美国科学家托马斯？库恩出版了《科学革命的结构》。库恩在书中以“范式”为核心概念，以“范式”为核心，提出科学发展的非线性模式，即从“常规科学”到“科学革命”再到新的“常规科学”的循环过程。由于库恩在该书中并没有对“范式”的内涵做出明确的界定，如何理解“范式”这一核心概念从一开始就引起了诸多的争论和质疑。1969年，针对学者们几年来提出的质疑，库恩做了集中地回复和进一步阐释，并将这部分内容作为1970年再版时该书的第十四章，其中包含对“范式”概念的补充说明，但依然没给出明确的界定。如今，尽管范式理论已被广泛接受并应用于多个学科，关于“范式”的理解与界定依然争论不休。笔者通过对《科学革命的结构》的文本分析，尝试从层次结构上解读“范式”，以期消减这一概念的含糊性，这将有助于进一步理解当下科学发展的模式。
In 1962, the American scientist Thomas Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In the book, Kuhn took “paradigm” as the core concept and “paradigm” as the core, and put forward the nonlinear mode of scientific development, namely, the cyclic process from “conventional science” to “scientific revolution” and then to the new “conventional science”. Because Kuhn did not make a clear definition of the meaning of “paradigm” in the book, how to understand the core concept of “paradigm” has caused many disputes and doubts from the beginning. In 1969, Kuhn made a concentrated response and further explanation of the doubts raised by scholars for several years, and included this part as the fourteenth chapter of the book in the 1970 reissue, which contained a supplementary explanation of the concept of “paradigm”, but still did not give a clear definition. Nowadays, although paradigm theory has been widely accepted and applied in many disciplines, the understanding and definition of “paradigm” are still debated. Through the textual analysis of The Structure of Scientific Revolution, the author tries to interpret the “paradigm” from the hierarchical structure, in order to reduce the ambiguity of this concept, which will be helpful to further understand the current mode of scientific development.