单个水下运动目标体的定位研究
Research on Localization of Single Underwater Moving Target

舰船极低频电磁场是水下运动目标定位较为理想的信号。文章提出了一种基于极低频电磁场的水下单个运动目标的定位方法，在海面上布置观测基站，利用采集到的电磁场各分量数据反演计算水下运动目标体的位置信息。同时设计了多组试验，研究了各个参数对于定位结果的影响，结果表明该方法能够实现对单个水下运动目标的精确定位，且不受目标电偶极矩大小与频率影响，同时可以通过选取合适的观测基站位置来减小因观测基站与运动目标距离较远所带来的误差，验证了方法的可行性与准确性。
Ship’s extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field is an ideal signal for underwater moving target positioning. In this paper, a positioning method of single moving target in water is proposed. Observation base stations are arranged on the sea surface, and the position information of underwater moving target is calculated by using the component data of electromagnetic field collected by the observation base station on the sea surface. At the same time, several groups of experiments were designed to study the influence of various parameters on the positioning results. The results show that this method can precisely locate a single underwater moving target, and is not affected by the magnitude and frequency of the target electric dipole moment. At the same time, the error caused by the long distance between the observation base station and the moving target can be reduced by selecting the appropriate position of the observation base station, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the method.