基于器官系统的虚拟仿真实验项目设计——以呼吸系统为例
Design of Virtual Simulation Experiment Based on Organ System—Taking the Respiratory System as an Example

器官系统教学法整合基础医学与临床医学的学科知识，强调以学生为中心。然而，在教学实践中实验资源有限和临床患者难接触，理论–实践、基础–临床融合存在困难。依据ESP模拟病人开展的虚拟仿真实验有助于加深记忆和理解，模拟临床操作过程，辅助学生练习诊断和鉴别诊断技巧、临床决策的制定，解决了基础–临床和理论–实践融合的痛点。以新生儿呼吸窘迫征为例设计实验项目让学生从知识、能力和素养层面掌握呼吸系统的基本结构、功能、发病机制、病因及不同疾病程度下的救治等。鼓励学生面对复杂临床问题时，能够创造性地思考和提出解决方案，培养创新和解决问题的能力。呼吸系统的虚拟仿真实验项目在医学教育中的应用对于提高学生的学习效果、降低教学成本、促进师生互动以及提升学生的应急处置能力等方面都产生了积极的影响，对于医学生的未来临床工作至关重要。
The organ-system teaching method integrates the knowledge of basic medicine and clinical medicine, and emphasizes the student-centered education concept. However, in the teaching practice, experimental resources are limited and clinical patients are difficult to contact, so there are difficulties in the integration of theory-practice and basic-clinical. The virtual simulation experiments based on ESP simulated patients are helpful to deepen the memory and understanding, simulate the clinical operation process, assist students to practice the diagnosis and differential diagnosis skills, and make clinical decisions, and solve the pain points of the integration of basic-clinical and theory-practice. Taking neonatal respiratory distress syndrome as an example, the experimental project was designed to enable students to master the basic structure, function, pathogenesis, etiology and treatment of different disease degrees of the respiratory system from the level of knowledge, ability and literacy. Students are encouraged to think creatively and propose solutions to complex clinical problems, and to develop innovation and problem-solving skills. The application of virtual simulation experiment project of respiratory system in medical education has a positive impact on improving students’ learning effect, reducing teaching cost, promoting teacher-student interaction and improving students’ emergency response ability, which is very important for medical students’ future clinical work.