马尔库塞生态批判理论及其当代启示
Marcuse’s Ecocritical Theory and Its Contemporary Implications

赫尔伯特·马尔库塞，是法兰克福学派的重要代表人物。他批判继承了马克思的生态学思想，以异化为逻辑起点，从生态维度揭示了现代资本主义的政治危机。在物质生产层面，资产阶级通过技术异化实现了对无产阶级的控制，遏制了社会的变革，使社会成为一个高度同质化的单向度社会。在思想观念层面，通过消费异化腐蚀人们的批判性思维，使得单向度的精神内化为臣服于资产阶级统治的奴隶人格。在生态环境层面，通过对自然的榨取，以满足无限膨胀的物质欲望，最终导致生态环境的严重破坏。马尔库塞针对性地提出新技术观、消费革命、生态美学等思想，尝试进行社会的变革，进而解决生态环境问题。通过对马尔库塞生态批判理论的剖析，对我国建设中国特色的生态文明社会具有重要的指导意义。
Herbert Marcuse is an important representative of the Frankfurt School. He critically inherited Marx’s ecological thought, took alienation as the logical starting point, and revealed the political crisis of modern capitalism from the ecological dimension. At the level of material production, the bourgeoisie realized the control of the proletariat through technological alienation, curbed social changes, and made society a highly homogeneous one-dimensional society. At the ideological level, through the alienation of consumption, people’s critical thinking is corroded, and the one-dimensional spirit is internalized into a slave personality that submits to bourgeois rule. At the level of ecology, the extraction of nature to satisfy infinitely expanding material desires ultimately leads to the serious destruction of the ecological environment. Marcuse targeted the ideas of a new technological outlook, consumer revolution, and ecological aesthetics in an attempt to make social changes and thus solve ecological problems. Through the analysis of Marcuse's ecological critical theory, it has an important guiding significance for the construction of an ecologically civilized society with Chinese characteristics in China.