BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. Overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHODOLOGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 and MS Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. RESULTS: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. Out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.
References
[1]
Kane, S.F. (2017) The Effects of Oral Health on Systemic Health. General Dentistry, 65, 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1159/000072295
[2]
Al-Hussaini, R., Al-Kandari, M., Hamadi, T., Al-Mutawa, A., Honkala, S. and Memon, A. (2003) Dental Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour among Students at the Kuwait University Health Sciences Centre. Medical Principles and Practice, 12, 260-265. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840511427405
[3]
ALBashtawy, M. (2011) Oral Health Patterns among Schoolchildren in Mafraq Governorate, Jordan. The Journal of School Nursing, 28, 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840511427405
[4]
Saini, R., Saini, S. and Sharma, S. (2011) Biofilm: A Dental Microbial Infection. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 2, 71-75.
[5]
Asadoorian, J. (2006) CDHA Position Paper on Commercially Available Over-the-Counter Oral Rinsing Products. Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene, 40, 1-13.
[6]
Abhishek, N. and Jayalakshmi (2017) Knowledge and Awareness Regarding the Use of Chlorhexidene Mouthwash among the Dental Students. International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 6, 3719-3721. https://doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2017.3721.0354
[7]
Loesche, W.J. (2003) Microbiology and Treatment of Halitosis. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 5, 220-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-003-0077-8
[8]
Kumar, P. and Raj, A. (2017) Effects of Alcohol Containing Mouthwash on Oral Tissue: A Review. International Journal of Science and Research, 6, 1584-1587.
[9]
Rajendiran, M., Trivedi, H.M., Chen, D., Gajendrareddy, P. and Chen, L. (2021) Recent Development of Active Ingredients in Mouthwashes and Toothpastes for Periodontal Diseases. Molecules, 26, Article 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072001
[10]
Farah, C.S., McIntosh, L. and McCullough, M.J. (2009) Mouthwashes. Australian Prescriber, 32, 162-164. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2009.080
[11]
Raja, M., Saha, S., Vamsi, K., Reddy, Mohd, S. and Kumari, M. (2013) Mouthwashes—An Overview of Current Knowledge. International Journal of Oral Health Research & Review, 1, 24-28.
[12]
Fischman, S.L. (1997) The History of Oral Hygiene Products: How Far Have We Come in 6000 Years? Periodontology 2000, 15, 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00099.x
[13]
Vernon, L.F. (2018) From Surgical Suite to Fresh Breath: The History of Listerine®. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health, 4, Article 263. https://doi.org/10.16966/2378-7090.263
[14]
Saveanu, C.I., Cretu, C., Bamboi, I., Saveanu, A. and Anistoroaei, D. (2022) Title Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitudes on Oral Hygiene of Romanian Students. Medicina, 58, Article 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030406
[15]
Benjamin, S.N., Gathece, L.W. and Wagaiyu, E.G. (2016) Knowledge, Attitude and Use of Mouthwash among Dental and Medical Students in University of Nairobi. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health, 2, Article 198. https://doi.org/10.16966/2378-7090.198
[16]
Mitha, S., Elnaem, M.H., Koh, M., En, C., Babar, M.G., Siddiqui, J. and Jamshed, S. (2016) Use and Perceived Benefits of Mouthwash among Malaysian Adults: An Exploratory Insight. Journal of Advanced Oral Research, 7, 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2229411220160302
[17]
Niveda, R. and Jaiganesh, R. (2019) Knowledge and Attitude toward Mouthwashes and Their Uses among Dental Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. Drug Invention Today, 12, 1221-1224.
[18]
Harpuneet, K. and Poornima, S. (2020) Mouthwash Use in General Population of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research, 8, 6-11.
[19]
Shrestha, E., Kafle, S. and Chaulagain, R. (2021) Knowledge and Practice towards Use of Mouthwash among Dental Practitioners in Chitwan. Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, 4, 1-8.
[20]
Shabr, S.F., Alqudairy, M.S., Alkhamis, T.A., AlSalamah, S.I., Alkathiri, A.S., Almousa, A.A., Al Nafea, A.A. and Al Saffan, A.D. (2020) Awareness and Prevalence of Mouthwash Use among the General Public: A Survey Based Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Medical Sciences, 24, 4643-4649.
[21]
Afennich, F., Slot, D., Hossainian, N. and Van der Weijden, G. (2011) The Effect of Hexetidine Mouthwash on the Prevention of Plaque and Gingival Inflammation: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 9, 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2010.00478.x
[22]
Löe, H. and Schiott, C.R. (1970) The Effect of Mouthrinses and Topical Application of Chlorhexidine on the Development of Dental Plaque and Gingivitis in Man. Journal of Periodontal Research, 5, 79-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1970.tb00696.x
[23]
DePaola, L.G. and Spolarich, A.E. (2007) Safety and Efficacy of Antimicrobial Mouthrinses in Clinical Practice. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 81, 117.
[24]
Wilder, R.S. and Bray, K.S. (2016) Improving Periodontal Outcomes: Merging Clinical and Behavioral Science. Periodontology 2000, 71, 65-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12125
[25]
Rugg-Gunn, A. and Bánóczy, J. (2013) Fluoride Toothpastes and Fluoride Mouthrinses for Home Use. ActaMedicaAcademica, 42, 168. https://doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.84
[26]
McCullough, M. and Farah, C.S. (2008) The Role of Alcohol in Oral Carcinogenesis with Particular Reference to Alcohol-Containing Mouthwash. Australian Dental Journal, 53, 302-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00070.x
[27]
Nordström, A. and Birkhed, D. (2017) Attitudes and Behavioural Factors Relating to Toothbrushing and the Use of Fluoride Toothpaste among Caries-Active Swedish Adolescents—A Questionnaire Study. ActaOdontologicaScandinavica, 75, 483-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2017.1344876
[28]
Blaggana, A., Grover, V., Anjali Kapoor, A., Blaggana, V., Tanwar, R., Kaur, H. and Haneet, R.K. (2016) Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Behaviour among Secondary School Children in Chandigarh. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10, ZC01-ZC06. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/23640.8633