应用于天线测量的实时硬件相关处理机设计
Design of Real Time Hardware Correlation Processor for Antenna Measurement

天线的指向测量和面形测量对于航天工程和深空探测具有重要意义，而相关机是天线指向精度测量最主要的设备之一。本文设计了一套适用于天线指向和面形测量的高性能实时硬件相关机，与常规的相关机相比，它实现了整数比特和小数比特补偿，同时实现了条纹旋转，用于补偿几何延迟和多普勒频率偏差，具有高比特采样量化能力，可以同时兼顾卫星信号和射电源信号作为测量信号输入，适用于多通道干涉测量天线指向和面形误差。干涉法测量天线指向偏差，相比于单天线测量，可以提高检测灵敏度，增加可检测源的数量。本文通过对该相关机进行理论研究与分析，建立了硬件相关机模型，对相关机的整数和小数比特时延补偿、条纹旋转、积分四个主要模块的功能进行仿真测试，仿真结果与理论值之间具有很好的一致性，充分验证了该硬件相关处理机设计的正确性。
The measurement of antenna pointing and surface shape is of great significance for aerospace engineering and deep space exploration, and the related machine is one of the most important equipment for measuring antenna pointing accuracy. This article designs a high-performance real-time hardware correlator suitable for antenna pointing and surface shape measurement. Compared with conventional correlators, it achieves integer bit and decimal bit compensation, as well as stripe rotation, which is used to compensate for geometric delay and Doppler frequency deviation. It has high bit sampling and quantization capabilities and can simultaneously consider satellite signals and radio power signals as measurement signal inputs, Suitable for multi-channel interferometric measurement of antenna pointing and surface shape errors. Interferometric measurement of antenna pointing deviation can improve detection sensitivity and increase the number of detectable sources compared to single antenna measurement. This article conducts theoretical research and analysis on the relevant machine, establishes a hardware related machine model, and conducts simulation tests on the functions of the four main modules of integer and decimal bit delay compensation, stripe rotation, and integration of the relevant machine. The simulation results have good consistency with the theoretical values, fully verifying the correctness of the hardware related processor design.