马克思主义哲学与老子哲学中异化思想的比较
Comparison of Alienation Thought in Marxist Philosophy and Laozi Philosophy

在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中马克思提出的异化理论在其思想系中具有重要的作用，对异化问题的关注贯穿于马克思一生的思考之中。在中国哲学史上，老子没有明确提出异化的概念，但其异化思想在《道德经》中已有萌芽。马克思以劳动异化的角度为核心批判了以私有制为基础的资本主义社会，老子则通过对人性异化的角度批判当时的礼乐文明，无论是劳动异化还是人性异化，归根到底都是人的异化，但马克思与老子提出的解决方法却是不同的。马克思提出在共产主义的实践运动中才能得以解决，而老子提出通过“道”最终才能得以实现小国寡民的理想社会。
The alienation theory proposed by Marx in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 plays an important role in his ideological system, and his attention to the issue of alienation runs through Marx’s lifelong thinking. In the history of Chinese philosophy, Laozi did not explicitly propose the concept of alienation, but his thought of alienation had already sprouted in the Tao Te Ching. Marx criticized the capitalist society based on private ownership from the perspective of labor alienation, while Laozi criticized the etiquette and music civilization at that time from the perspective of human alienation. Whether it is labor alienation or human alienation, they are ultimately human alienation. However, the solutions proposed by Marx and Laozi are different. Marx proposed that it can only be solved through the practical movement of communism, while Laozi proposed that the ideal society of a small country with few people can ultimately be achieved through the “Dao”.