企业环境刑事合规制度初探
Preliminary Study on Corporate Environment Criminal Compliance System

目前我国企业环境合规制度还处在初步探索阶段，构建企业环境刑事合规不仅是企业承担其应担责任，解决现实问题之必要，还是对国家宏观发展战略的遵循，推动绿色社会和法治社会共同发展之必要。我国企业环境刑事合规制度的建设还存在着法律依据不足、与行政惩戒措施衔接措施不畅、实践中制度适用对象模糊等问题。为此，可以制定《环境法典》细化环境犯罪治理领域的刑事合规措施，通过专门性文件和其他部门法紧密配合弥补法律缺失的不足。其次针对环境犯罪和环境违法的特殊性明晰二者区别，协调行政合规和刑事合规适用选择，解决行刑衔接中存在的障碍。针对适用对象争议，首先创新刑事环境合规和认罪认罚联动模式处理直接责任人的刑罚问题，其次基于大型企业和中小微企业在环境犯罪领域的特殊点，对环境刑事合规的具体内容区分适用，以期在小微企业中达到制度设计的目标效果。
At present, China’s enterprise environmental compliance system is still in the preliminary exploration stage. The construction of enterprise environmental criminal compliance is not only necessary for enterprises to assume their responsibilities and solve practical problems, but also necessary to follow the national macro development strategy and promote the common development of the green society and the law-based society. The construction of enterprise environmental criminal compliance system in China still has some problems, such as insufficient legal basis, poor connection measures with administrative disciplinary measures, and the fuzzy application object of the system in practice. To this end, the Environmental Code can be formulated to refine the criminal compliance measures in the field of environmental crime governance, and make up for the lack of laws through close cooperation with specialized documents and other departmental laws. Secondly, according to the particularity of environmental crimes and environmental violations, clarify the differences between the application choices of administrative compliance and criminal compliance, and solve the obstacles in the connection of execution. For applicable object dispute, first innovation of criminal environmental compliance and pleaded guilty to admit punishment linkage mode directly responsible punishment, second based on large enterprises and micro, small and medium enterprises in the field of environmental crime, the specific content of environmental criminal compliance, in order to achieve the goal of system design in small micro enterprises.