“双碳”目标下我国碳排放权交易监管法律制度研究
Study on the Legal System of Supervision over Carbon Emission Trading in China under the “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” Target

通过研究试点省市的管理规章以及新出台的《碳排放权交易管理暂行条例》的具体内容，发现我国碳排放权交易监管制度仍然存在以下问题。一是中央监管立法层级低且地方立法差异大。二是碳排放数据质量监管不足。三是监管主体及职能划分不清。四是违反碳排放权交易的处罚单一且较轻。基于此，结合国内外相关研究和我国具体实际情况，进一步完善我国碳排放权交易监管法律制度。完善碳排放权交易顶层立法设计；制定碳排放数据质量监管实施细则，鼓励碳排放单位信息披露并且规范信息披露报告，提高第三方核查机构准入的门槛加强监管；统一碳排放权交易监管主体明确监管范围；强化碳排放权交易违规处罚规定，丰富处罚种类加大惩处力度，同时引入奖励机制。
By studying the administrative regulations of pilot provinces and cities, as well as the specific content of the newly issued Interim Regulations on Carbon Emission Rights Trading Management, we have identified the following issues in China’s carbon emission rights trading supervision system. Firstly, the level of central regulatory legislation is low and there are significant differences in local legislation. Secondly, there is insufficient supervision of the quality of carbon emission data. Thirdly, the supervision subjects and their functions are not clearly defined. Fourthly, the penalties for violating carbon emission rights trading are monotonous and relatively lenient. Based on these findings, combined with relevant domestic and international research and China’s specific practical situation, we need to further improve China’s legal system for carbon emission rights trading supervision. This includes refining the top-level legislative design for carbon emission rights trading, formulating detailed rules for the supervision of carbon emission data quality, encouraging carbon emission units to disclose information and standardizing information disclosure reports, raising the entry threshold for third-party verification agencies and strengthening supervision, unifying the supervision subjects for carbon emission rights trading and clarifying the scope of supervision, strengthening the regulations on penalties for violations of carbon emission rights trading, enriching the types of penalties and increasing the severity of punishment, and introducing incentive mechanisms at the same time.