风险社会下轻罪立法的必然现实与应然转变
The Inevitable Reality and Necessary Transformation of Misdemeanor Legislation under the Risk Society

风险社会以风险为本质特征，轻罪立法是刑法对频发的社会风险积极治理的表现。从《刑法修正案(六)》到《刑法修正案(十一)》，我国的刑法修订都涉及到轻罪设计。国家治理情况、国际治理经验和刑法发展历程都表明轻罪化具有其时代必然性。新罪轻罪的增设并不必然等同于现象立法或者情绪性立法，不应机械地拘泥于刑法的谦抑性要求。在立法和社会层面都应当转变观念，认识到轻罪时代的不同，做出适应性调整。实体法的轻罪化需要程序法予以配合和保障，后者通过“开源节流”可以提高刑法治理效率。轻罪治理常态化是一种高水平的追求目标，但轻罪立法的范围和进程都应当控制在合理限度内。前科制度的推陈出新也是完善风险社会轻罪设计立法化的题中应有之义。
Risk society is characterized by risk, and the legislation of misdemeanors is the active management of frequent social risks. From “Criminal Law Amendment (VI)” to “Criminal Law Amendment (XI)”, China’s criminal law revision all involves the design of misdemeanors. The situation of national governance, the experience of international governance and the development of criminal law all show that misdemeanour has its inevitability in the times. The addition of new misdemeanors is not necessarily equivalent to phenomenon legislation or emotional legislation, and should not mechanically adhere to the modest requirements of criminal law. In the legislative and social level, we should change the concept, recognize the different times of misdemeanors, and make adaptive adjustments. The misdemeanor of substantive law needs the cooperation and protection of procedural law, the latter can improve the efficiency of criminal law governance through “open source and throttle”. The normalization of misdemeanor governance is a high-level goal to pursue, but the scope and process of misdemeanor legislation should be controlled within a reasonable limit. The reform of the criminal record system is also an important part of perfecting the legislation of misdemeanor crime design in risk society.