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T细胞在白癜风中的致病机制及靶向治疗的研究进展
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Abstract:
白癜风是一种常见的慢性皮肤病，以局部或泛发性皮肤色素脱失为特征，病因和发病机制尚不清楚。目前普遍认为自身免疫、神经内分泌、氧化应激、遗传易感和环境因素等因素相互作用导致了白癜风的发生。随着研究的深入，人们发现T淋巴细胞在白癜风的致病机制中起着关键作用。特别是，CD8 T细胞被确认为主要罪魁祸首，协调对黑素细胞的有针对性攻击和凋亡。组织驻留记忆T细胞(TRM)导致白癜风的复发，调节性T细胞(Treg)水平下降和功能受损成为白癜风患者免疫失衡的主要因素等。本文全面回顾了T淋巴细胞在白癜风发病机制中的作用机制，并讨论了相关靶向治疗如JAK抑制剂的策略以及未来的研究方向，从而为白癜风的免疫发病机制和免疫治疗提供了新的见解。
Vitiligo is a common chronic skin disease characterised by localised or generalised skin pigmentation loss, and the etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. It is now generally accepted that the interaction of autoimmune, neuroendocrine, oxidative stress, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors leads to the development of vitiligo. With the deepening of research, it has been found that T lymphocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. In particular, CD8 T cells were identified as the main culprits, coordinating targeted attacks on melanocytes and apoptosis. Tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells contribute to the recurrence of vitiligo, and decreased levels and impaired function of regulatory T cells (Treg) have been identified as a major factor in the immune imbalance of vitiligo patients, among others. In this paper, we comprehensively review the mechanisms of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and discuss the strategies of relevant targeted therapies such as JAK inhibitors as well as future research directions, thus providing new insights into the immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy of vitiligo.
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