声音权益保护研究——以AI声音侵权案为例
Research on the Protection of Sound Rights and Interests—Taking the AI Sound Infringement Case as an Example

声音具有独特性、可识别性以及与人身实体的不可分离性，因此声音属于人格利益。声音的商业化利用也使其具有经济价值。对于声音法律属性的不同观点主要集中在认为声音属于具体人格权还是人格利益。本文以全国首例AI声音侵权案为引入，探讨了人工智能时代声音侵权的形态，《民法典》中规定了对声音保护的参照适用规则，而声音权益和肖像权只是相似，声音权益是独立于肖像权而存在的人格利益，因此仅仅运用该法律规定并无法有效且完整地保障个人声音的权益。同时，声音与知识产权存在密切关联，保护声音还应当考虑其与著作权、表演者权、商标权的交叉。
Voice is uniqueness, recognizability, and inseparability from physical entities, therefore it belongs to personal interests. The commercial use of sound also makes it economically valuable. Different views on the legal attributes of voice mainly focus on whether voice belongs to specific personality rights or personality interests. This paper takes the first case of AI voice infringement in China as an introduction, and discusses the form of voice infringement in the era of artificial intelligence. The Civil Code stipulates the applicable rules for voice protection, while voice rights and portrait rights are only similar, and voice rights are personality interests independent of portrait rights. Therefore, only the use of this law cannot effectively and completely protect the rights and interests of individual voices. At the same time, sound is closely related to intellectual property rights, and the protection of sound should also consider its intersection with copyright, performers’ rights, and trademark rights.