捏造、传播网络谣言诽谤他人的刑法规制研究
Research on the Criminal Regulation of Fabricating and Spreading Internet Rumors to Slander Others

捏造虚假事实，利用信息网络诽谤他人，这无疑是传统犯罪的网络化，信息网络时代的飞速发展使得谣言以爆炸式的速度传播，其社会危害性呈现出几何级数的增长，这要求刑法加大对其的规制力度。司法解释中关于“明知是捏造的损害他人名誉的事实，在信息网络上散布，情节恶劣的，以‘捏造事实诽谤他人’论”的规定，属于类推解释而非扩大解释。应当依据是否存在严重过错、是否造成严重后果来综合认定造谣、传谣者的刑事责任。司法解释第二条中以点击次数、浏览次数和转发次数来认定是否属于“情节严重”并不合理。应当在现行刑法框架下，关联现有制度规范中对侮辱、诽谤、寻衅滋事等行为的调整间接实现对于网络诽谤行为的规制。
Fabrication false facts and using information network to slander others is undoubtedly the network of traditional crime. The rapid development of the information network era makes rumors spread at an explosive speed, and its social harm presents a geometric growth, which requires the criminal law to increase the regulation of it. The provision in the judicial interpretation that “knowingly fabricated facts that damage the reputation of others are spread on the information network, and if the circumstances are bad, ‘fabricating facts to slander others’” belongs to a similar interpretation rather than an expanded interpretation. The criminal responsibility of the rumor-reader should be comprehensively determined according to whether there is a serious fault and whether it has caused serious consequences. In article 2 of judicial interpretation, it is unreasonable to determine whether the case is “serious” according to the number of clicks, browsing times and forwarding times. Under the framework of the current criminal law, the adjustment of insult, defamation and provoking trouble in the existing system norms should indirectly realize the regulation of network defamation.