基于DEMATEL方法的外卖骑手对基本养老保险参保意愿影响因素分析
Analysis of Factors Influencing Takeaway Riders’ Willingness to Participate in Basic Pension Insurance Based on DEMATEL Methodology

针对以外卖骑手为代表的新业态从业人员保障薄弱问题，采用文献分析和半结构化访谈相结合的方法从个人、家庭和社会三个层面识别出外卖骑手对基本养老保险参保意愿的影响因素，使用DEMATEL方法构建各因素的综合影响矩阵，计算出各影响因素影响度、被影响度、中心度和原因度研究表明在归纳出的九个影响因素，骑手个人的养老意识、家庭的养老模式、经济压力、家庭结构、法律保障和职业风险对外卖骑手的参保意愿有直接影响，是原因因素。结果因素包括骑手的收入水平、文化水平和政策建设。最后从骑手个人、家庭和社会三个层面提出政策建议，为外卖骑手提供切实的养老保障。
Aiming at the problem of weak protection for the new industry practitioners represented by takeaway riders, we identified the influencing factors of takeaway riders’ willingness to participate in basic pension insurance from the three levels of individual, family and society by combining literature analysis and semi-structured interviews, and constructed the comprehensive influence matrix of each factor using the DEMATEL method, and calculated the degree of influence of each influencing factor, the degree of being influenced, the centrality and the degree of the cause degree study shows that among the nine influencing factors summarized, the rider’s personal awareness of old age, the family’s old age model, economic pressure, family structure, legal protection and occupational risk have a direct impact on the willingness to participate in insurance of delivery riders, and are the cause factors. The outcome factors include riders’ income level, cultural level and policy construction. Finally, policy suggestions are made at the levels of individual riders, family and society to provide takeaway riders with practical old-age protection.