互联网个人大病求助行为的法律规制——以《慈善法》修订为背景
The Legal Regulation of Internet Personal Serious Illness Seeking for Help—Based on the Revision of Charity Law

随着《慈善法(2023年修正案)》(下称《修正案》)的公布，个人大病求助问题首次被纳入到法律中。然而《修正案》仅强调了信息发布者应当对信息真实性负责以及个人大病求助互联网平台应当承担求助信息审查义务，仍然存在一定的立法空白。因此，文章先对个人大病求助行为进行再定义，以明确法律规制的对象。再者，分析了个人大病求助行为的属性，厘清了该行为的边界：既存在私益属性也存在公益属性，若通过大病求助平台进行求助的具备公益属性，以《慈善法》及其相关社会法规范规制更为妥善。最后以北京水滴互保科技有限公司与莫春怡网络服务合同纠纷案为例，分析了剩余善款所有权归属问题，认为参照以公益目的成立的非营利法人终止时剩余财产处理方式更为妥当，以及大病求助平台未尽合理审查义务时可能不仅应当承担相应民事责任，更要考虑是否承担刑事责任。
With the publication of the Charity Law of the People’s Republic of China (2023 Amendment), the issue of seeking help for personal serious illnesses has been incorporated into the law for the first time. However, the 2023 Amendment only emphasizes that the information publisher should be responsible for the authenticity of information and that the Internet platforms for personal serious illness should bear the obligation of information review, which still has some legislative gaps. Therefore, this paper first redefines the behavior of individuals seeking help for serious illnesses to clarify the objects of legal regulation. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the public welfare of individual seeking help for serious illnesses and clarifies the boundaries of this behavior. The paper believes that there are both private and public welfare attributes. If seeking help through a serious illness platform has public welfare attributes, it would be more appropriate to regulate it with the Charity Law and related social laws. Finally, this paper takes the “Waterdrop Medical Crowdfunding’s case ”as an example to analyze the ownership of remaining donations, it is believed that it is more appropriate to refer to the handling of remaining assets when non-profit legal entities established for public welfare purposes terminate. In addition, if the platform for seeking help for serious illnesses fails to fulfill its reasonable examination obligations, it may not only bear corresponding civil liability, but also consider whether to bear criminal liability.