浅析数据跨境流动背景下中国数据治理之策
Analysis of China’s Data Governance Strategies in the Context of Cross-Border Data Flow

数字经济在世界经济发展中所占据的重要地位致使数据成为一项重要的生产要素，而数据的流动是影响数字经济发展的重要推手之一，但当前国际社会中频繁的数据跨境流动在带动世界数字经济发展的同时也为各国基本数据安全利益造成了威胁。在这样的背景下，各国开始以数据主权为依据采取一系列管制措施，从而加强自身对数据的规制，我国也相继出台多部法律法规维护我国的数据权益。然而，需要意识到的是，目前构建数据主权在法理和现实两个层面上均有较大难度，急于构建数据主权可能无法适应数据跨境流动治理的需要。因而，面对平衡好数据安全利益与数字经济发展两者关系的现实要求，我国采用何种治理模式和路径显得尤为重要。对此，本文将首先阐明当下构建数据主权的不合理之处。随后，本文将立足于我国目前的数据规制体系，提出获取具体数据管辖权、建立统一数据管理实体及积极参与国际统一数据治理规则制定三条治理路径，从而平衡好我国国内数据治理和涉外数据治理两个维度，在维护我国数据安全利益的前提下，保障数字经济平稳发展。
The important position occupied by the digital economy in the world’s economic development has made data become an important factor of production, and the flow of data is one of the important driving forces affecting the development of the digital economy; however, the frequent cross- border flow of data in the current international community not only drives the development of the world’s digital economy, but also poses a threat to the basic data security interests of various countries. In this context, countries have begun to take a series of control measures based on data sovereignty, so as to strengthen their regulation of data, and China has also introduced a number of laws and regulations to safeguard the rights and interests of data from China. However, what is important to realize is that it is difficult to build data sovereignty at both legal and practical levels, and the rush to build data sovereignty may not be able to adapt to the needs of governance of cross-border data flow. Therefore, in the face of the realistic requirements of balancing the interests of data security and the development of digital economy, what kind of governance model and path our country adopts is particularly important. In this regard, this paper will first elucidate the irrationality of the current construction of data sovereignty. Subsequently, based on the current data regulation system in China, this paper will propose three governance paths, namely, acquiring specific data jurisdiction, establishing a unified data management entity, and actively participating in the formulation of international unified data governance rules, so as to balance the two dimensions of China’s domestic and foreign data governance, and to ensure the smooth development of the digital economy under the premise of safeguarding China’s data security interests.