Multidrug-Resistant of Escherichia coli and Salmonellaspp. Strains in Chicken Feces Intended for Consumption in Open Spaces of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans through feces or contaminated meat from local chickens. Bacterial strains were isolated from the intestinal contents of 400 local chicken samples from various sales sites. These strains were then characterized using bacteriological and biochemical methods to identify resistant strains. In a study conducted in Ouagadougou, we systematically collected chicken fecal samples from 20 locations across the city, followed by isolation and identification of Salmonellaspp. using specific enrichment and culture methods, as well as Escherichia coli. Bacterial strains were characterized using antibiotic resistance profiles were determined through agar diffusion tests, revealing sensitivity or resistance to a range of antibiotics based on established scientific criteria. The results showed that out of the 400 samples collected, 81.25% and 63.5% were contaminated by Escherichia coliand Salmonellaspp.,respectively. Among these, 86.15% of identified Escherichia coliand 50.78% of Salmonella spp. displayed resistance to at least one tested antibiotic. Among 280 Escherichia coli isolates identified resistant to at least one antibiotic, 31.07% were resistant to cefotaxime (CTX), 20.35% to ceftazidime (CAZ), 21.07% to ceftriaxone (CTR), 75% to amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC), 23.57% aztreoname (ATM) and 27.14% were resistant to imipenem (IMP). In the case of the 129 Salmonellaspp. isolates resistant to at least one tested antibiotic, 34.88% were resistant to CTX; 41.08% to CAZ; 35.65% to CTR, 92% to AMC, 39.53% to ATM and finally 47.28% were resistant to IMP. Our study revealed high prevalence of resistance in bacterial strains isolated from local chickens sold outdoors in Ouagadougou. These findings raise significant public health concerns, due to the possible transmission of these resistant strains to humans through the consumption of contaminated meat, thus complicating the treatment of bacterial infections.
References
[1]
Rood, I.G.H. and Li, Q. (2017) Review: Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum-β-Lactamase-and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Clinical Setting. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 89, 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.07.013
[2]
OMS (2023) Niveaux élevés de résistance aux antibiotiques dans le monde. https://www.who.int/fr/news/item/29-01-2018-high-levels-of-antibiotic-resistance-found-worldwide-new-data-shows
[3]
Busani, L., Scavia, G., Luzzi, I. and Caprioli, A. (2006) Laboratory Surveillance for Prevention and Control of Foodborne Zoonoses. Annali dell’Istituto superiore di sanita, 42, 401-404.
[4]
Institut Pasteur (2023) Résistance aux antibiotiques. https://www.pasteur.fr/fr/centre-medical/fiches-maladies/resistance-aux-antibiotiques
[5]
Wang, H., Guo, J., Chen, X. and He, H. (2023) The Metabolomics Changes in Luria-Bertani Broth Medium under Different Sterilization Methods and Their Effects on Bacillus Growth. Metabolites, 13, Article 958. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13080958
[6]
Rachid, E., et al. (2008) Contaminations du poulet de chair par les salmonelles non typhiques dans les élevages et abattoirs de la wilaya de Constantine. Sciences & technologie. C, Biotechnologies, No. 27, 37-48.
[7]
Rahman, M., Lim, S.J., Kim, W.H., Cho, J.Y. and Park, Y.C. (2020) Prevalence Data of Diarrheagenic E. coli in the Fecal Pellets of Wild Rodents Using Culture Methods and PCR Assay. Data in Brief, 33, Article ID: 106439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106439
[8]
Nair, A., et al. (2015) Isolation and Identification of Salmonella from Diarrheagenic Infants and Young Animals, Sewage Waste and Fresh Vegetables. Veterinary World, 8, 669-673. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2015.669-673
[9]
CA-SFM/EUCAST (2020) Comité de l’antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie Recommandations 2020.
[10]
Bénao, S.L.C.S., Métuor Dabiré, A.M.D., Tiemtoré, R.Y.W., Sorgho, P.A.P.A., Guigma, G.J. and Simporé, J. (2023) Prevalence of Escherichia coliand Salmonella spp. Strains Isolated from Chicken Feces and Their Resistance to Antibiotics by Cefotaximase (CTX-M) Enzyme Production. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 8, 5-11.
[11]
Metuor Dabiré, A. (2014) Caractérisations moléculaire et cinétique des types de β-lactamases à spectre élargi (BLSE) de souches bactériennes collectées au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles De Gaulle (CHUP-CDG) de Ouagadougou. Ouagadougou.
[12]
Lefebvre, F., Bonnet, E. and Boyer, F. (2017) Une méthode de cartographie participative des pratiques et représentations urbaines à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). EchoGéo, 40. https://doi.org/10.4000/echogeo.14978
[13]
Bako, E., et al. (2017) Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated in Organic Waste Products (Cattle Fecal Matter, Manure and, Slurry) from Cattle’s Markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, Article 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101100
[14]
Islam, M., Islam, M. and Fakhruzzaman, M. (2014) Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli and Salmonella from Poultry Litter and Feed. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 1, 1-7.
[15]
Assoumy, M.A., et al. (2021) Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Strains Isolated from Healthy Poultry Farms In the Districts of Abidjan and Agnibilékrou (Côte d’Ivoire). Veterinary World, 14, 1020-1027. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1020-1027
[16]
Klaharn, K., Pichpol, D., Meeyam, T., Harintharanon, T., Lohaanukul, P. and Punyapornwithaya, V. (2022) Bacterial Contamination of Chicken Meat in Slaughter-houses and the Associated Risk Factors: A Nationwide Study in Thailand. PLOS ONE, 17, e0269416. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269416
[17]
Vasaï, F. (2013) Etude de la composition du microbiote intestinal des canards. Impact du gavage, de l’ajout d’un probiotique (Lactobacillus sakei) et d’un composé organométallique (cadmium). Master’s Thesis, L’Universite de Pau et des Pays de L’Adour, Pau.
[18]
Elmanama, A.A., Al-Reefi, M.R., Shamali, M.A. and Hemaid, H.I. (2019) Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Samples: A Cross-Sectional Study. The Lancet, 393, S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30607-5
[19]
Carole, B.A., Germain, K.T. and Francine, A.M.D. (2022) Sources of Contamination of Poultry by Salmonellaspp. Multi-Resistant to Antibiotics (SMR) in Côte D’ivoire. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 7, 8-12.
[20]
Ngogang, M.P., Ernest, T., Kariuki, J., Mouiche, M.M.M., Ngogang, J. and Wade, A. (2021) Microbial Contamination of Chicken Litter Manure and Antimicrobial Resistance Threat in an Urban Area Setting in Cameroon. Antibiotics, 10, Article 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010020
[21]
Ibrahim, T., Ngwai, Y.B., Ishaleku, D., Tsaku, P.A., Nkene, I.H. and Abimiku, R.H. (2022) Detection of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Production in Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Poultry Birds in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Scientific African, 16, e01243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01243
