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Reg蛋白家族在糖尿病中的研究现状
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Abstract:
糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus, DM)是一种全球流行病，随着生活水平的提高及全球老龄化，DM患病率越来越高，成为世界范围内主要的健康负担。胰岛β细胞功能受损和数量减少是糖尿病病理生理机制的中心环节。目前1型糖尿病(Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, T1DM)和病程较长的2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, T2DM)患者的治疗主要是补充外源性胰岛素，但难以控制血糖长期稳定达标，且不良管理可带来严重后果，需要新的治疗策略来保护或补充功能胰岛β细胞群，从而维持血糖稳态。再生蛋白(Regenerating protein, Reg)属于钙依赖凝集素超家族成员，是一种具有营养、抗凋亡、抗炎、抗菌和免疫调节作用的多功能分泌分子。根据Reg基因编码蛋白的一级结构，Reg蛋白家族可分为4个亚型(I, II, III, IV)。近年来，Reg蛋白在促进胰岛β细胞再生和改善血糖水平中的作用引起重视，可能成为潜在的糖尿病预测及治疗的新靶点。本文就Reg基因蛋白结构、功能及其在糖尿病领域的研究现状进行综述。
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic. With the improvement of people’s living standards and global aging, it has become a major health burden worldwide. Impaired function and decreased number of islet beta cells are the central link in the pathophysiological mechanism of diabetes mellitus. At present, the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients with a long course of disease is mainly to supplement exogenous insulin, but it is difficult to control blood sugar for a long time to reach the standard. Poor management can lead to serious consequences, and new therapeutic strategies are needed to protect or supplement the functional islet beta cell population to maintain glucose homeostasis. Regenerating proteins (Reg) belong to the calcium-dependent lectin superfamily, which is a multifunctional secretory molecule with nutritional, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. According to the primary structure of the protein encoded by Reg gene, the Reg protein family can be divided into four subtypes (I, II, III, IV). In recent years, the role of Reg protein in promoting islet beta cell regeneration and improving blood glucose level has attracted attention, which may become a potential new target for diabetes prediction and treatment. This article reviews the structure, function and research status of Reg gene protein in the field of diabetes.
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