浅论我国众包骑手劳动权益保障
Research on the Protection of Labor Rights and Interests of Package Riders in China

在平台经济高速发展的时代背景之下，我国网络平台企业的数量剧增，网络外卖行业成为我国增加居民收入、缓解就业压力的重要行业之一。与专送骑手不同，众包骑手的工作性质具有高度自主性和与平台的从属性模糊的特点，我国传统的“二元结构”劳动关系认定模式并不适用新型劳动人员的认定。司法实践中，众包骑手与平台企业的劳动关系认定混乱，致使众包骑手缺乏工伤保险的保护受到平台算法的隐性剥削。响应我国数据立法大潮，本文通过对众包骑手的特质分析，探寻众包骑手法律规制的困境，进而提出创设第三类新型劳动关系、优化工伤保险制度、保障集体权益有效行使以及加强对惩戒算法的监管等法律规制建议，保障众包骑手的劳动权益。
Under the background of the rapid development of platform economy, the number of online platform enterprises in China has increased sharply, and the online takeout industry has become one of the important industries to increase residents’ income and relieve the employment pressure in China. Different from exclusive riders, the work nature of crowdsourcing riders has a high degree of autonomy and ambiguity from the platform. The traditional “dual structure” labor relationship identification model in China is not applicable to the identification of new workers. In judicial practice, the identification of labor relationship between crowdsourcing riders and platform enterprises is chaotic, resulting in the lack of protection of industrial injury insurance and implicit exploitation by the platform algorithm. In response to the tide of data legislation in China, this paper, through the characteristics of crowdsourcing rider analysis, explores the plight of the crowdsourcing rider legal regulation, and then puts forward to create the third type of new labor relations, the optimization of inductrial injury insurance system, protect collective rights and interests, and strengthen the regulation of disciplinary algorithm legal regulation advice, safeguard the labor rights and interests of the crowdsourcing rider.