马克思的共产主义思想——基于人的类本质的解读
Marx’s Communist Thought: An Interpretation Based on the Essence of Human Beings

早期马克思接受的是经过青年黑格尔派改造了的黑格尔哲学，在批判黑格尔哲学时马克思接受了费尔巴哈的唯物主义方法，对他影响更大的是其人本主义异化观，后马克思通过实践概念批判费尔巴哈的直观自然思想，并在实践的基础上重新审视人的概念，进而形成了马克思的人的类本质思想。共产主义思想是晚年马克思的研究重心，正是由于共产主义是未来的有待实现的事物，马克思从没有对共产主义作具体描述。晚年马克思的共产主义思想是基于其早期的人的类本质的思想。分析马克思对人的本质的描述进而明晰马克思对科学社会主义的正确描述，有利于新时代中国更准确坚定地走以人民为中心的社会主义发展道路。
In the early days, Marx accepted Hegelians philosophy that had been transformed by the Young Hegelianism. When criticizing Hegelian philosophy, Marx accepted Feuerbach’s materialist method, and his humanistic alienation view had a greater impact on him. Later, Marx criticized Feuerbach’s intuitive natural thought through the concept of practice, and re-examined the concept of human based on practice, thus forming Marx’s idea of the essence of human beings. Communist ideology was the focus of Marx’s research in his later years, and it was precisely because communism was a future that needed to be realized that Marx never provided a specific description of communism. In his later years, Marx’s communist ideology was based on his early idea of human nature. Analyzing Marx’s description of the nature of man and thus clarifying Marx’s correct description of scientific socialism is conducive to China’s more accurate and resolute people-centered socialist development path in the new era.