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不同意识水平的奖惩对创造性问题解决的影响
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Abstract:
创造力对个人和社会的发展都至关重要，在众多影响创造力的因素中，奖惩是重要的且不容忽视的外部因素。该研究采用2 (意识水平：阈上、阈下) × 2 (预期奖惩线索：高、低) × 2 (效价：奖励、惩罚)三因素被试内设计，通过汉字复合远距离联想(CRA)任务和金钱启动范式，考察在不同的意识状态下奖惩大小对大学生创造性问题解决的影响。实验结果发现，在高强度的奖惩条件下比低强度的奖惩条件下能激励个体更多地通过顿悟来解决问题，且不同强度的激励效果只在奖励条件下差异显著，在惩罚条件下差异不显著。实验结果表明，高强度的奖励可有效激励个体通过顿悟解决创造性问题。
Creativity is critical to the development of both individuals and society, and among factors that influence creativity, rewards and punishments are important and external factors that cannot be ignored. A 2 (awareness: supraliminal, subliminal) × 2 (expected reward and punishment cue: high, low) × 2 (incentive: reward, punishment) three-way within-participants design was used. This study used the Chinese verbal compound remote-associated (CRA) task and the monetary reward paradigm to examine the effects of rewards and punishments of high and low levels on creative problem solving in different states of consciousness among college students. The experimental results found that individuals were more motivated to solve problems via insight in the high reward and punishment condition than in the low reward and punishment condition, and the effects of motivation in high and low levels were significantly different only in the reward condition and not in the punishment condition. The result showed that high reward can facilitate creative problem solving through insight.
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