意定监护制度正当性的论证
Arguments for the Legitimacy of the Intentional Guardianship System

在老龄化已经成为全球性难题的今天，我国空巢老人、丁克家庭、不婚不育人口的数量也在逐年攀升，因此与法定监护等较为传统的监护制度相比，我国意定监护制度渐显出其独有的优势：在尊重被监护人真实意愿、最小限度干预，最佳利益保护的理念上都体现出其存在的合理性和必要性。但自意定监护制度最早在《老年人权益保护法》中出现以来，其具体的实施细则就一直存在着缺失，典型如意定监护协议生效要件的僵硬化、公证、监督机制的不完善、司法审判经验的不足等问题。因此，意定监护制度的保障措施需要得到重视，在立法应当扩大意定监护的适用范围、明确公证机关的职责，在司法上应当进一步加强私力监督、确定价值理念冲突时的审判原则。
Nowadays, as aging has become a global problem, the number of empty-nested old people, Dink families, and unmarried and infertile population in China is also rising year by year, therefore, compared with the traditional guardianship system such as legal guardianship, China’s intentional guardianship system is gradually showing its unique advantages: respecting the true will of the guardian, minimal intervention, and the concept of best interest protection all reflect the reasonableness and necessity of its existence. However, since the intentional guardianship system first appeared in the Protection of Rights and Interests of the Elderly Act, its specific implementation details have been missing, typical examples such as the rigidity of the effective elements of the intentional guardianship agreement, notarization, the imperfection of the supervision mechanism, the lack of judicial trial experience. Therefore, the safeguards of the intentional guardianship system need to be emphasized, with legislation expanding the scope of application of the intentional guardianship system and clarifying the duties of notaries, and judicial supervision further strengthening private oversight and defining the principles of adjudication in the event of a conflict of values and concepts.