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非静脉曲张性上消化道出血评估工具
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Abstract:
上消化道出血(upper gastrointestinal bleeding, UGIB)可由影响上消化道的几种病理引起，大致可分为非静脉曲张和静脉曲张，此综述中仅讨论前者。急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, ANVUGIB)是消化系统最常见的急症之一，其病因主要包括消化性溃疡、应激性溃疡、急慢性上消化道黏膜炎症、食管黏膜撕裂症及上消化道肿瘤等。根据患者病情的危险度进行评估，能够帮助医生快速制定合理的治疗方案并预测患者预后情况。近年来，出现了多种不同的病情危险度评估工具，用于评估不同类型、原因及严重程度的ANVUGIB患者。本文将对这些工具进行综述，比较它们的优缺点和适用范围，以期为医生提供科学准确的决策支持。
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) can be caused by several pathologies that affect the upper gastrointestinal tract, which can be roughly divided into non varicose veins and varicose veins. This review only discusses the former. Acute non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) is one of the most common emergencies in the digestive system. Its causes mainly include peptic ul-cers, stress ulcers, acute and chronic upper gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation, esophageal mucosal tearing, and upper gastrointestinal tumors. Evaluating the risk of a patient’s condition can help doctors quickly develop a reasonable treatment plan and predict the patient’s prognosis. In recent years, various risk assessment tools have emerged for evaluating ANVUGIB patients of dif-ferent types, causes, and severity. This article will provide a review of these tools, and compare their advantages, disadvantages and applicability, in order to provide doctors with scientific and accurate decision support.
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