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飞行员心理疲劳：测量、成因及干预
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Abstract:
心理疲劳对飞行员的身心、行为及航空安全都有着重要影响。本文通过国内外文献分析，系统地阐述了飞行员心理疲劳的测量方法、产生原因及干预方式。以往测量方法主要包含生理指标评价、主观评价和行为表现测量，认知负荷、人格特质、动机水平和生理状况，以及源自工作、家庭和人际等方面的压力源是导致飞行员心理疲劳的重要因素。飞行员心理疲劳的干预主要体现在心理训练、睡眠保障和日常工作安排方面。对飞行员心理疲劳的系统性研究有助于为飞行员的身心健康管理提供科学依据和保障飞行安全。
Mental fatigue has an important impact on pilots’ physical and mental health, behavior and aviation safety. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, this paper systematically expounds on the measurement methods, causes and intervention methods of pilots’ mental fatigue. Previous measurement methods mainly include physiological indicators, subjective evaluation and behavior performance measurement. Cognitive load, personality traits, motivation level and physiological status, as well as stressors from work, family and interpersonal relationships, are the influencing factors of pilots’ mental fatigue. The intervention of pilots’ mental fatigue is mainly reflected in psychological training, sleep support and daily work arrangements. The systematic study of pilots’ mental fatigue is helpful in providing a scientific basis for pilots’ physical and mental health man-agement and ensuring aviation safety.
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