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右美托嘧啶用于老年患者全身麻醉中的研究进展
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Abstract:
右美托咪定是一种高选择性a2肾上腺素能受体激动剂，具有镇静、抗焦虑和抗交感神经以及稳定血流动力学的作用，并且不会对患者呼吸造成明显的影响而广泛用于围麻醉期的各个阶段。老年手术患者，因其年龄大、自主神经系统发生退行性改变，且有较多合并症，给予右美托咪定麻醉时可有效减缓肠蠕动，并对各种术后症状进行预防，较好地保护了患者的心脑血管，降低了心脑血管不良事件发生率，稳定了患者的血流动力学。与传统阿片类药物相比，右美托嘧啶的安全性和有效性更高，本研究就右美托嘧啶在老年患者麻醉中的优势和具体内容进行综述。
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist with sedative, anxiolytic, and an-ti-sympathetic properties as well as hemodynamic stabilization, and is widely used in all phases of the perianesthesia period without significant effects on patient respiration. In elderly surgical pa-tients, because of their age, degenerative changes in the autonomic nervous system and more comorbidities, dexmedetomidine anesthesia can effectively slow down intestinal motility and pre-vent various postoperative symptoms, better protect patients’ cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events, and stabilize patients’ hemodynamics. Compared with traditional opioids, dexmedetomidine is safer and more effective. This study reviews the advantages and specifics of dexmedetomidine in the anesthesia of elderly patients.
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