“假球”、“黑哨”行为的刑法教义学分析
Analysis on the Doctrine of Criminal Law in the Behavior of “Match-Fixing and Black Whistle”

如何对体育比赛中的“假球”、“黑哨”行为进行针对性治理一直是学界一个充满争议性的话题。国内和域外对于“假球”、“黑哨”行为大多从刑法领域进行规制，在具体适用罪名方面存在着一定差异。同时，针对是否应当为其设立专门的操纵体育比赛罪也存在着不同的观点看法。本文主要通过分析“假球”、“黑哨”的法律性质和行为模式，从刑法教义学的角度分析“假球”、“黑哨”行为的罪名适用及刑事责任，总结域外国家先进的立法经验，探讨在刑事立法层面增设非法操纵体育比赛罪及在行政管理层面建立体育诚信考核机制的可行性，从而为完善我国刑法规制“假球”、“黑哨”行为提供针对性对策。
The targeted governance of “match-fixing” and “biased officiating” in sports competitions has always been a controversial topic in academia. Both domestically and internationally, the regulation of such behavior is mostly approached from the field of criminal law, with certain differences in the specific application of charges. At the same time, there are differing views on whether there should be a specific offense for manipulating sports matches. This article primarily analyzes the legal nature and behavioral patterns of “match-fixing” and “biased officiating,” examining the application of charges and criminal responsibility from the perspective of criminal law doctrine. It summarizes the advanced legislative experiences of foreign countries, explores the feasibility of establishing a crime of illegal manipulation of sports competitions and a sports integrity assessment mechanism at the administrative management level. This, in turn, provides targeted strategies for improving the criminal law regulation of match-fixing and biased officiating in our country.