股权让与担保效力问题研究
Research on the Effectiveness of Equity Transfer Guarantee

在当今市场经济的运行中，股权让与担保基于其便捷高效且相对较为安全的特性，成为各商事主体进行交易的主流担保方式之一。随着《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)和《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》(以下简称《九民纪要》)的颁布，股权让与担保的效力已从立法上得到肯定，但在实务中仍存在一些可能导致股权让与担保合同无效的事由，例如部分审理法官认为当事人的行为违反物权法定原则、存在通谋意思表示、或是存在法律禁止的流质条款等。在股权让与担保有效的前提下，可将其分为对内效力和对外效力两部分，分别对债权人及债务人之间，公司内部以及双方外部债权人产生不同的法律效果。
In the operation of today’s market economy, equity transfer guarantee has become one of the mainstream guarantee methods for various commercial entities to carry out transactions because of its convenient, efficient, and relatively safe characteristics. With the promulgation of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and the Minutes of the National Court Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference, the effectiveness of the equity transfer guarantee has been confirmed by the legislation, but there are still some reasons that may lead to the invalidation of equity transfer guarantee contract in practice. For example, some trial judges think that the behavior of the parties violates the principle of statutory real right, there is an expression of collusion, or there is a liquid clause prohibited by law. On the premise that the equity transfer guarantee is effective, it can be divided into two parts: internal effect and external effect, which have different legal effects between creditors and debtors, within the company and external creditors of both parties.