Acute Metabolic Complications of Diabetes in the Oueme-Plateau Provincial Teaching Hospital: Epidemiological, Clinical, Paraclinical and Evolutionary Aspects

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease, is now an important public health problem across the world. Our aim was to study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and evolutionary aspects of acute metabolic complications (AMC) of diabetes in the endocrinology department of the Oueme-Plateau Provincial Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with data collection based on the medical records of patients presenting with acute metabolic complications of diabetes in the endocrinology department of the Oueme-Plateau Provincial Teaching Hospital during the 3 years study period (from January 2020 to December 2022). Results: Over 788 patients hospitalized during the study period, 157 had an acute metabolic complication of diabetes, which is a hospital prevalence of 19.9%. Among these 157 cases, 140 were suitable for analysis and therefore constituted our study sample. The mean age of the patients was 49.9 ± 14.7 years, with 19 as minimum and 90 years as maximum. Most of them were women (52.4%). Hypertensive diabetics accounted for 54.9% of cases. Ketoacidosis was the most common complication (62.1%), followed by hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (23.6%) and hypoglycemia (14.3%). Infection (69.3%) and therapeutic noncompliance (22.9%) were the most common triggers. The average length period of their hospital stay was 7.1 ± 5.1 days, and the outcome was satisfactory in 87.9% of the cases. Unfortunately, there were 3.6% deaths during hospitalization. Conclusion: Acute metabolic complications of diabetes were dominated by ketoacidosis. Infection was the dominant factor in decompensation. Therapeutic education of diabetic patients as well as clinical and biological monitoring must be more stringent and rigorous.