有限责任公司股权转让限制规则的反思与完善
Reflection and Improvement of Restriction Rules of Equity Transfer of Limited Liability Company

本文通过对现行公司法下有限责任公司股权转让限制规则的分析和梳理，总结归纳股权转让限制规则的问题及困境：程序上的虚置和逻辑上的混乱。重新分析和理解有限责任公司中的人合性，并以此反思为基础完善股权转让限制规则的框架，应当意识到“同意权”和“优先购买权”分属于公司层面和个人层面的意思自治，各有其独特的作用和价值。优先购买权的法律性质为形成权。对于股权转让限制规则的完善，应当明确“同意权” + “优先购买权”的双层架构模式，并以此为基础删除“后悔权”。
This paper analyzes and sorts out the restriction rules of equity transfer of limited liability company under the current company law, and summarizes the problems and difficulties of equity transfer restriction rules: Procedural idling and logical confusion. Re-analysis and understanding of characters based on shareholders in limited liability companies. Based on this reflection, we will improve the framework of equity transfer restriction rules. It should be realized that “consent right” and “preemption right” belong to the autonomy of will at the corporate level and the individual level. Each of them has its own unique role and value. The legal nature of the preemption right is the formation right. For the improvement of the restriction rules of equity transfer, the two-tier structure model of “consent right” + “preemption right” should be clearly defined, and on that basis, delete the “right of regret”.