负有照护职责人员性侵罪的规范目的及其适用
The Normative Purpose and Application of the Crime of Sexual Assault Committed by Individuals with Caregiving Responsibilities

用14~16周岁未成年少女的性自主权来解释《刑法修正案(十一)》增设的“负有照护职责人员性侵罪”的规范目的，会造成本罪与强奸罪难以区分。本罪的设立是解决刑事程序法中的难题，即无法证明行为人违背受害人的真实意志，不存在侵害性自主权的问题。如果认为本罪的设立部分提高了我国的性同意年龄进而用身心健康权来解释本罪的规范目的，将在刑法内部产生难以调节的矛盾。本罪的规范目的是维护负有照护职责人员与14~16周岁未成年女性之间照护关系的纯洁性。特殊职责人员的认定要进行事实上认定，具有连续性和持续性的特点，“发生性关系”应理解为狭义上的性交关系，仅指性交、口交、肛交等插入式性行为。本罪第二款应理解为刑法上的注意性规定，其次判定本罪和强奸罪之间是对立关系具有重要的实务价值。本罪既遂的认定采取的是“插入说”观点，并不会降低对未成年少女的保护。
Using the sexual autonomy of underage girls aged 14~16 to explain the normative purpose of the “sexual assault committed by persons responsible for caregiving” added in the Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law will make it difficult to distinguish this crime from the crime of rape. The establishment of this crime is to solve the problem in criminal procedure law, that is, it cannot prove that the perpetrator violated the victim’s true will, and there is no problem of infringing au-tonomy. If it is believed that the establishment of this crime partially increases the age of sexual consent in China and the right to physical and mental health is used to explain the normative purpose of this crime, it will create difficult to regulate contradictions within the criminal law. The normative purpose of this crime is to maintain the purity of the caregiving relationship between individuals with caregiving responsibilities and underage women aged 14~16. The identification of special duty personnel should be based on factual identification, with the characteristics of continuity and continuity. “Sexual intercourse” should be understood as a narrow definition of sexual intercourse, only referring to inserted sexual behaviors such as sexual intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, etc. The second paragraph of this crime should be understood as a precautionary provision in criminal law, and it has important practical value to determine that there is an antagonistic relationship between this crime and the crime of rape. The determination of the completion of this crime adopts the perspective of “insertion theory” and will not reduce the protection of underage girls.