《新加坡调解公约》视阙下国际商事调解机制的改革
Reform of the International Commercial Mediation Mechanism from the Perspective of “Singapore Mediation Convention”

《新加坡调解公约》在原有的国际商事调解制度基础上作出重大改革，将调整的重心由调解本身向和解协议转移，为规范的和解协议提供了新的标准，提高了其可执行性。公约建立了和解协议直接执行机制，为和解协议在缔约国的执行提供了法律基础，强化了调解这一争议解决方式的速度与效率优势。相比于和解协议通过诉讼、仲裁程序转化为有强制性的法律文件，我国国际商事调解制度采取司法确认程序执行和解协议以衔接《新加坡调解公约》更具有可行性。类似《纽约公约》，《新加坡调解公约》也建立了拒绝救济制度，虽然要求各缔约国对和解协议的审查以形式审查为原则，但也为当事人存在异议时提供了抗辩渠道，同时也尊重了缔约国对公共政策、国家利益、社会秩序的考量。
The Singapore Mediation Convention has made significant reforms to the original international commercial mediation system, shifting the focus of regulation from mediation itself to the settlement agreement, providing new standards for standardized settlement agreements and enhancing their enforceability. The Convention establishes a direct execution mechanism for settlement agreements, providing a legal basis for the execution of settlement agreements in contracting states, and strengthening the speed and efficiency advantages of mediation as a dispute resolution method. Compared to converting settlement agreements into mandatory legal documents through litigation or arbitration procedures, our country’s international commercial mediation system adopts a judicial confirmation procedure to implement settlement agreements and to connect with the Singapore Mediation Convention, which is more feasible. Similar to the New York Convention, the Singapore Mediation Convention also establishes a refusal of relief system. Although requiring contracting states to review settlement agreements based on formal review principles, it also provides a defense channel when parties have objections and respects contracting states’ considerations of public policy, national interests, and social order.