Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major public health problem causing
significant morbidity and mortality in young adults. This study aimed to
describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects
of TBI. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study
conducted from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023 on patients admitted to and
treated for cranioencephalic trauma in the General Surgery department of Kara
Regional Hospital. Results: Eighty-three (83) patients with
cranioencephalic trauma were managed out of 773 patients admitted to the
department during the study period. The mean age was 34 ± 14.98 years and the
sex ratio was 3.6 in favour of men. Motorbike taxi drivers were the social
group most affected (n = 33, 40%). The causes of trauma were dominated by
public road accidents (n = 80; 96%). TBI was mild (n = 40; 48%), moderate (n =
35; 42%) and severe (n = 8; 10%). Cerebral CT scans were performed in 19
patients (23%). Cerebral contusion (n = 4) was the most frequent cerebral
lesion. Six patients (7%) with severe head injuries were transferred to Kara
University Hospital. Six deaths (7%) occurred in patients with severe head
injuries. The main sequelae were intermittent headaches in all patients
reviewed, and memory problems (6%). Conclusion: Traumatic brain injuries
are common at Kara Regional Hospital. Severe cranial trauma is less frequent
but leads to death because of financial difficulties and limited technical
facilities.
References
[1]
Peeters, S., Blaine, C., Vycheth, I., Nang, S., Vuthy, D. and Park, K.B. (2016) Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injuries at a Major Government Hospital in Cambodia. World Neurosurgery, 97, 580-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.09.127
[2]
Peeters, W., van den Brande, R., Polinder, S., Brazinova, A., Steyerberg, E.W., Lingsma, H.F., Maas, A.I.R. (2015) Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Europe. Acta Neurochirurgica, 157, 1683-1696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015-2512-7
[3]
Maas, A.I., Stocchetti, N. and Bullock, R. (2008) Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults. The Lancet Neurology, 7, 728-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70164-9
[4]
Masson, F. (2004) Épidémiologie des traumatismes crâniens. Annales Françaises d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, 19, 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0750-7658(99)00145-8
[5]
Capizzi, A., Woo, J. and Verduzco-Gutierrez, M. (2020) Traumatic Brain Injury. Medical Clinics of North America, 104, 213-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2019.11.001
[6]
Hyder, A.A., Wunderlich, C.A., Puvanachandra, P., Guruaj, G. and Kobusingye, O.C. (2007) The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Global Perspective. NeuroRehabilitation, 22, 341-353. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-2007-22502
[7]
Tomta, K., Djibril, M.A., Mouzou, T., Sama, H., Chobli, M. and Ahouangbevis, S. (2011) Traumatismes Cranioencephaliques (TCE) au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tokoin de Lomé (Togo). Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l’Université de Lomé, 13, 47-57.
[8]
Barboza, D., Diédhiou, M., Boudhir, A., Traoré, M.M., Leye, P.A., Diaw, M., et al. (2019) Prise en charge des traumatismes crâniens par accident de la voie publique à la réanimation du centre hospitalier régional de Ziguinchor: impact des motos Jakarta. Revue Africaine d’Anesthésiologie et de Médecine d’Urgence, 24, 40-45.
[9]
Bouhours, G., Ter Minassian, A. and Beydon, L. (2006) Severe Head Injury: Initial Management. Réanimation, 15, 552-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reaurg.2006.10.004
[10]
Odimba, E.B. (2007) Aspects particuliers des traumatismes dans les pays peu nantis d’Afrique. Un vécu chirurgical de 20 ans. E-Mémoires de L’Académie Nationale de Chirurgie, 6, 44-56.
[11]
Tchaou, B.A., Tchégnonsi, N.C.F., Bikolo, H.P.M., Mfin, P.S.K. and Chobli, M. (2020) Prognosis Value of Two Gravity Scores in Patients Admited to the Intensive Care Unit at University Hospital of Parakou in Benin. Open Journal of Anesthesiology, 10, 144-156. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojanes.2020.104013
[12]
Teasdale, G. and Jennett, B. (1974) Assessment of Coma and Impaired Consciousness. A Practical Scale. The Lancet, 2, 81-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91639-0
[13]
Mbaki, H.B.E., Outman, P.D.O., Elombila, M., Essie, D.E.M., Monkessa, C.M.M.E., Kala, R.G.B., Boukassa, L. and Otiobanda, G.F. (2019) Socio-Demographic Profile of Adults Admitted in Emergency for Brain Trauma Injuries at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (Congo). Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery, 9, 43-48. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmn.2019.91006
[14]
Ahounou, E., Biaou, C., Yvan, N. and Zoumenou, E. (2019) Traumatismes crâniens graves au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental de l’Ouémé-Plateau (CHUDOP): Aspects Étiologiques, Thérapeutiques et évolutifs. Revue Africaine d’Anesthésie Réanimation, 24, 59-67.
[15]
Rosenberg, A., Mukeshimana, L., Uwamahoro, A., Dworkin, M., Nsengimana, V., Kankindi, E., Niyonsaba, M., Uwitonze, J.M., Kabagema, I., Dushime, T. and Jayaraman, S. (2020) The Initial Prehospital Management of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Kigali, Rwanda. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 35, 533-537. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X20000813
[16]
Monkessa, C.M.M.E., Elombila, M., Leyono-Mawandza, P.D.G., Ekouele-Mbaki, H.B. (2022) Aspects Épidémiologiques, Cliniques et Évolutifs des Traumatismes Crânio-Encéphaliques en Réanimation Polyvalente du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brazzaville. Health Sciences and Disease, 23, 117-121.
[17]
Madougou, S., Chigblo, P., Tchomtchoua, A., Lawson, E., Yetognon, L. and Akue, A.-M. (2016) Incidence et impacts des accidents de la voie publique chez les conducteurs de taxi-moto en milieu tropical. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, 102, 211-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcot.2016.01.005
[18]
Tomta, K., Djibril, M.A., Mouzou, T., Sama, H., Chobli, M. and Ahouangbevis, S. (2011) Traumatismes Cranioencephaliques (TCE) au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tokoin de Lomé (Togo). Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l’Université de Lomé, 13, 47-57.
[19]
Geeraerts, T., Velly, L., Abdennour, L., et al. (2016) Prise en charge des traumatisés crâniens graves à la phase précoce (24 premières heures). Anesth Réanim, 2, 431-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anrea.2016.09.007
[20]
Doléagbénou, A.K., Ahanogbé, H.K., Kpélao, E., Békéti, K.A. and Egu, K. (2019) Aspects Épidémiologiques et Prise en Charge Neurochirurgicale des Traumatismes Cranioencéphaliques de l’Adulte au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé. Health Sciences and Disease, 20, 74-78.
[21]
Bouzat, P. (2015) Le traumatisme crânien non grave: Quelle imagerie et pour qui? Urgences, 75, 1-4.
[22]
Mendy, J., Kpelao, E., Sakho, Y., et al. (2012) Traumatismes crâniens graves de l’enfant: prise en charge et pronostic à court terme à Dakar (Sénégal). Revue Africaine d’Anesthésiologie et de Médecine d’Urgence, 17, 57-61.
[23]
Granier, M., Renaud-Picard, L., Chobaut, J.C. and Tavernier, L. (2006) Traumatismes crâniens légers: Complications et séquelles audio-vestibulaires. Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, 107, 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-1768(06)77047-4
