重大疾病对婚姻效力的影响研究
Study on the Effect of Serious Illness on Marriage Effectiveness

《中华人民共和国民法典》1053条的出台，改变了重大疾病对于婚姻效力的影响，患有重大疾病的一方隐瞒情况与另一方缔结婚姻不再属于无效情形，而是属于可撤销婚姻的情形之一。这一改变体现了我国婚姻家庭法对当事人婚姻自由意志的尊重。但是《中华人民共和国民法典》并没有对“重大疾病”的范围和种类做出进一步的规定，导致司法实践中出现了对于重大疾病的认定缺乏统一明确的标准、提出撤销婚姻之诉的一方举证困难等问题，因此在重大疾病的认定标准和此类案件的举证制度上应该进一步改进和完善，同时提高缔结婚姻双方的婚检意识，从源头上避免重大疾病对婚姻效力的影响。
The promulgation of Article 1053 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has changed the impact of serious illness on the validity of marriage, and the concealment of information by one party suffering from serious illness and the conclusion of marriage with the other party is no longer an invalid situation, but one of the situations that can revoke marriage, and serious illness is no longer the reason for prohibiting marriage. This change reflects our country’s marriage and family law to the parties’ free will of marriage respect. However, the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has not made further provisions on the scope and types of “major diseases”, resulting in the lack of unified and clear standards for the identification of major diseases in judicial practice, and difficulties in proving evidence for the party who filed a lawsuit for annulment of marriage. Therefore, the criteria for the identification of major diseases and the system of proof in such cases should be further improved and perfected, and the awareness of marital examination of both parties should be enhanced to avoid the impact of major diseases on the validity of marriage from the source.