Macrosomia is defined as a term birth weight greater
than or equal to 4000 grams, or greater than the 90 percentile of intrauterine growth
curves. Excessive weight has harmful consequences for the newborn and is a major
health concern. Objectives: To determine the frequency of neonatal macrosomia,
describe risk factors and neonatal and maternal complications. Materials and
methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between January and December
2022, involving newborns whose birth weight was greater than or equal to 4000 grams
admitted to the neonatology unit of the Labe regional hospital. Results: 591 deliveries were recorded, 15 of which were macrosomic, representing a frequency
of 2.54%. The average age of the women was 30.26 years. History of fetal macrosomia
and diabetes was 93.33 and 71.43% respectively. The mean gestational age was 38.71± 0.75 SA, the mean antenatal consultation was 3 ± 0.8
and the mode of delivery was caesarean section (66.67%). Third-trimester ultrasound
was performed in 53.33% of cases. Macrosomic newborns were male in 80% of cases.
Neonatal complications were asphyxia (60%), hypoglycemia (20%) and hypocalcemia
(13.33%). Factors associated with neonatal macrosomia were diabetes (P < 0.001),
history of macrosomia (P < 0.001) and maternal obesity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: this study shows that the frequency of neonatal macrosomia is 2.54% with high neonatal
morbidity among newborns hospitalized in the neonatology unit of the Labé regional
hospital. Screening for macrosomia risk factors during pregnancy is essential to
prevent perinatal complications.
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