大学一年级学生体育锻炼与社会适应能力的关系——心理弹性的中介作用
The Relationship between Physical Exercise and Social Adaptability of Freshmen —Resilience as a Mediator

目的：探究大学一年级学生心理弹性及社会适应能力现状，进一步了解心理弹性在大学一年级学生体育锻炼与社会适应能力关系中的中介效应，旨在了解大学一年级学生入校后的社会适应能力现状，进一步把握学生心理弹性，以便及时进行干预及心理疏导，降低不幸事件的发生率。方法：采取方便抽样法，在2022年2月选取西安各高校大一年级学生423名，采用体育锻炼等级量表(PARS-3)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、心理适应性量表进行线上心理测量，运用描述、差异性、相关、中介效应检验等统计方法对数据进行分析。结果：体育锻炼程度和心理弹性总分呈显著正相关(r = 0.261, p < 0.01)，与社会适应能力呈显著正相关(r = 0.204, p < 0.01)；社会适应能力和心理弹性总分显著正相关(r = 0.460, p < 0.01)。心理弹性力量性、坚韧性、乐观性三个维度均在体育锻炼与社会适应能力的关系中起到部分中介作用。结论：体育锻炼水平较高的，心理弹性水平优秀的大学一年级学生社会适应能力也较强。因此可以通过加强大学生体育锻炼，提高心理弹性水平，从而增强大学生的社会适应能力。
Objective: To explore the current situation of psychological resilience and social adaptability of freshmen, further understand the intermediary effect of psychological resilience in the relationship between physical exercise and social adaptability of freshmen, in order to understand the current situation of social adaptability of freshmen after admission, further grasp the psychological resilience of students, so as to timely intervene and psychological counseling, and reduce the incidence of unfortunate events. Methods: By adopting the convenient sampling method, 423 freshmen from Xi’an colleges and universities were selected in February 2022. The online psychological measurement was carried out using the PARS-3, the CD-RISC, and the Psychological Adaptability Scale. The data were analyzed by using statistical methods such as description, difference, correlation, and intermediary effect test. Results: The degree of physical exercise was positively correlated with the total score of resilience (r = 0.261, p < 0.01), and positively correlated with social adaptability (r = 0.204, p < 0.01); there was a significantly positive correlation between social adaptability and total score of resilience (r = 0.460, p < 0.01). The three dimensions of power, toughness and optimism all play a part of intermediary role in the relationship between physical exercise and social adaptability. Conclusion: The freshmen with high level of physical exercise and excellent psychological resilience also have strong social adaptability. Therefore, we can strengthen college students’ physical exercise, improve their psychological resilience, and enhance their social adaptability.