浅析罗马法婚姻与《民法典》婚姻的区别
A Brief Analysis of the Differences between Roman Law Marriage and Marriage in The Civil Code

本文将浅析罗马法婚姻与《民法典》婚姻之间的区别。首先，在婚姻缔结方面，罗马法时期采用“coemptio”或“usus”形式，注重事实或合同的确认；而《民法典》则规定了明确的结婚程序，如自愿和公证结婚登记，强调法定程序和真实意愿。其次，财产制度方面的不同也显著。罗马法时期夫妻财产相对独立，而《民法典》明确规定了夫妻共同财产的概念，强调共同取得和管理财产的方式，体现了更为明确的财产关系。离婚制度也是两者差异之一。在罗马法时期，离婚相对自由，只需双方达成一致意见即可解除婚姻。相比之下，《民法典》对离婚条件作出了明确规定，包括虐待和重婚等情形，限制了离婚自由度，更注重保护婚姻的稳定性。总体而言，罗马法婚姻与《民法典》婚姻在缔结方式、财产制度和离婚制度等方面存在显著差异。这些差异既反映了社会文化和法治理念的演变，也体现了《民法典》对婚姻制度进行了更为细致全面的规范，以适应当代社会的需求。
This article examines the differences between Roman law marriage and marriage under The Civil Code. Firstly, in terms of marriage formation, Roman law relied on the “coemptio” or “usus” forms, emphasizing the confirmation through facts or contracts. In contrast, The Civil Code stipulates a clear marriage procedure, such as voluntary consent and official registration, emphasizing both the legal process and genuine intent. Secondly, significant differences exist in the property regime. During the Roman law period, spousal property was relatively independent. However, The Civil Code explicitly defines the concept of communal property, emphasizing the ways in which property is jointly acquired and managed, reflecting a more precise understanding of property relations. Divorce regulations also highlight differences between the two. In Roman law, divorce was relatively unrestricted, requiring only mutual agreement. In comparison, The Civil Code provides specific conditions for divorce, including instances of abuse and bigamy, limiting the freedom to divorce and placing a greater emphasis on protecting the stability of marriage. In conclusion, Roman law marriages and The Civil Code marriages exhibit significant disparities in terms of formation, property regimes, and divorce regulations. These differences not only reflect the evolution of societal culture and legal principles but also underscore The Civil Code’s meticulous and comprehensive regulation of marriage to meet the demands of contemporary society.