“梼杌”的词义演变与发展
The Semantic Evolution and Development of “Tao Wu”

《孟子？离娄下》中记载楚国的史书名为“梼杌”，但其原因却一直众说纷纭。本文通过后世学者对其作为史书名的原因的考证梳理出相关义项，同时对语料库进行检索，分析古今文献中的用例并对“梼杌”的词义发展进行探寻，归纳古今书面语中该词的使用情况，总结出其本义为“古代神话中的野兽”，引申义分别为“古代神话中的神兽”“专指春秋时期楚国的史书”和“恶人”三种。由此对“梼杌”一词的词义演变情况进行梳理，并讨论其演变机制。
Mencius？Lilou Xia recorded that the history book of the state of Chu was named “Tao Wu”, but the reason has been controversial. This paper sorts out the relevant meanings through the textual re-search on the reasons why it is the name of historical books by later scholars. At the same time, it searches the corpus, analyzes the use cases in ancient and modern literature, explores the devel-opment of the word meaning of “Tao Wu”, summarizes the use of the word in ancient and modern written language, and concludes that its original meaning is “the beast in ancient mythology”. The extended meanings are respectively “divine animals in ancient myths”, “history books of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period” and “villains”. Therefore, the evolution of the meaning of the word “Tao Wu” is sorted out, and its evolution mechanism is discussed.