Performance of a Horizontal Flow Constructed Reed Bed Filter for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: The Case Study of the Prototype Installed at Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal
In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a constructed wetland with horizontal flow reed
beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated
significant efficacy in treating municipal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed only a
slight temperature variation, from an influent average of 26.3°C to an effluent of 24.7°C. Electrical conductivity decreased
from 1331 mS/cm to 974.5 mS/cm post-primary treatment, with suspended solids (SS)
dramatically reduced from 718.9 mg/L
to 5.7 mg/L in the final effluent. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) saw a
notable decrease, from initial levels of 655.6 mg/L and 1240 mg/L to 2.3
mg/L and 71.3 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogenous compounds (N-TN) and phosphates () also decreased
significantly, indicating the system’s nutrient removal capacity. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in fecal
coliforms from 7.5 Ulog/100ml
to 1.8 Ulog/100ml and a complete elimination of helminth eggs. The presence of Phragmites and Typha was instrumental in
enhancing these reductions. The system’s compliance with the Senegalese
standards for disposal into natural
environments, WHO recommendations for unrestricted water reuse in
irrigation, and the European legislation for water reuse was established. The
effluent quality met the stringent criteria for various classes of agricultural reuse, illustrating the system’s potential
for sustainable water management. This wetland model presents a robust solution
for
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